内蒙古中东部蒙古族儿童孤独症流行现状及影响因素分析  

Analysis of epidemic status and influencing factors of Mongolian children with autism in central and eastern Inner Mongolia

作　　者：郝金奇[1] 付慧渊 杨文瀚 霍建勋[1] 高磊[1] 余艳琴[1,3] HAO Jinqi;FU Huiyuan;YANG Wenhan;HUO Jianxun;GAO Lei;YU Yanqin(School of Public Health,Baotou Medical College,Baotou(014060),Inner Mongolia,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古科技大学包头医学院公共卫生学院,包头014060 [2]中山大学 [3]包头医学院临床流行病学研究中心

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2021年第7期1024-1028,共5页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81560532)。

摘　　要：目的了解内蒙古中东部蒙古族儿童孤独症(ASD)流行病现状及其影响因素,为促进内蒙古ASD儿童的康复和救治提供依据。方法采用随机整群抽样的方法,在内蒙古赤峰市、乌兰察布市、通辽市、呼伦贝尔市、锡林郭勒盟5个盟市内抽取16所幼儿园及小学,对7108名3~14岁蒙古族儿童进行问卷调查;首先用克氏孤独症行为量表(CABS)进行儿童ASD的初筛,对初筛阳性者、教师提名者进行孤独症行为检测量表调查,总得分≥62分为明确存在孤独症样症状,再由1名儿童精神医学专业的主任医生和1名副主任医师,参照美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第5版的诊断标准,对筛查阳性儿童逐个进行儿童孤独症评定量表的评定,并根据家长和知情者提供的病史和精神检查结果,结合DSM-IV诊断标准明确诊断。结果蒙古族儿童ASD患病率为0.37%。蒙古族ASD组与正常组儿童在多动、家庭有无极度内向者、母亲生育年龄、父亲文化程度、母亲文化程度、父亲性格温和、母亲性格暴躁、新生儿疾病、胎儿孕周分布均有统计学意义(χ^(2)/Z值分别为16.68,14.93,64.43,-3.76,-2.86,4.57,11.12,12.33,16.66,P值均<0.05)。结论应采取塑造健康生长环境、调整父母教育方式、关注儿童早期语言发育水平、避免新生儿期疾病等措施可能会预防儿童ASD的发生。Objective To understand the epidemic status and influencing factors of Mongolian children with ASD in central and eastern Inner Mongolia,so as to provide data support for formulating prevention and intervention strategies and improving the overall epidemiological investigation of ASD in Inner Mongolia.Methods Sixteen kindergartens and primary schools were selected from Chifeng City,Ulanqab City,Tongliao City,Hulunbuir City and Xilingol League cities in Inner Mongolia by means of random cluster sampling.Firstly,7108 children aged 3-14 were initially screened with the Kirschner Autism Behavior Scale(CABS),and then the children with ASD positive were given the autism behavior test scale(ABC).According to the diagnostic criteria,the professionals,including chief physicians and associate chief physicians from the major of child psychiatry,diagnosed ASD with the total score of ABC scale≥62.Univariate and Logistic regression multivariate analysis were carried out among Mongolian children to find out the influencing factors related to the occurrence of Mongolian ASD in Inner Mongolia.Results The prevalence of Mongolian children was 0.37%.Mongolian ASD group and Mongolian normal children series in the household register,habitual twitch,hyperactivity,bite lips,families have extreme introverts,mothers age,father's cultural level,cultural degree of mother,father mother mild character,irritable,neonatal diseases,fetal gestational age distribution had statistical significance(χ^(2)/Z=12.58,16.68,14.93,64.43,-3.76,-2.86,4.57,11.12,12.33,16.66,P<0.05).Conclusion Measures such as shaping a healthy growth environment,adjusting parental style,paying attention to the level of early childhood language development,and preventing neonatal diseases might lower the risk of ASD in children.

关 键 词：孤独性障碍 精神卫生 回归分析 儿童 少数民族 

分 类 号：R748[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学] R179[医药卫生—临床医学]