施工扬尘空间扩散特性的模型分析与分级管控措施  

Spatial diffusion characteristics and hierarchical control measures of construction dust

作　　者：刘伟[1] 袁紫婷 胡伟成 王永祥[1] LIU Wei;YUAN Ziting;HU Weicheng;WANG Yongxiang(School of Civil Engineering,East China Jiao Tong University,Nanchang 330013,China)

机构地区：[1]华东交通大学土木建筑学院,南昌330013

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2021年第6期1976-1987,共12页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：2019年度江西省高校人文社会科学研究项目(GL19102);2020年江西省社会科学基金项目(20GL20)。

摘　　要：基于多个城市施工工地的扬尘监测数据,对比分析了幂函数、高斯函数和指数律模型在描述施工扬尘空间扩散特性上的适用性。以北京市某工地为例,基于CFD模拟,研究了施工扬尘的空间分布及扩散特性。通过与实测数据的对比,验证了模拟结果的准确性,分析了指数律模型在描述施工扬尘空间扩散特性上的适用性,并根据扬尘污染程度将施工区域影响范围划分为3个等级区,提出了综合评估施工扬尘污染严重程度的分级方法与管理控制措施。结果表明:指数律模型适用于描述施工扬尘空间扩散规律,幂函数模型仅适用于水平向,高斯函数模型在水平和垂直方向均不适用;围挡对施工扬尘的水平影响距离约为5倍围挡高度;工地周围可划分为重度污染区(<26 m)、中度污染区(26~42 m)和轻度污染区(42~100 m);可在各污染区布置监测点,综合评估施工扬尘污染严重程度,便于扬尘的分级管理与控制。本研究结果可为减少施工扬尘污染、提高环境空气质量提供参考。Based on the monitoring data of construction dust in several cities,the applicability of power law,Gaussian law and exponential law models in describing spatial diffusion of construction dust is compared.Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)simulations are performed to study the spatial distribution and diffusion characteristics of construction dust at a construction site in Beijing,and the feasibility of the proposed exponential law model is also analyzed.The CFD model is validated by measured data.Three zones are divided around the construction sites according to the concentration of construction dust.A classification method for dust pollution is proposed based on the monitored dust data in the three zones,and the corresponding measures are presented for its management and control.The results show that the proposed exponential law model is suitable for describing the spatial diffusion of construction dust and the power law model merely fits the horizontal diffusion.The Gaussian law model is not applicable for both.The CFD results indicate that the horizontal influence distance of the enclosure on dust concentration is about 5 times the enclosure height.The surrounding of the construction site can be divided into heavily polluted zone(<26 m),moderately polluted zone(26~42 m)and lightly polluted zone(42~100 m).Corresponding measurements are suggested to be set in the three zones,and comprehensive assessment of dust pollution can be classified.The classification results can provide reasonable measures for dust management and control.This study provides scientific advices for alleviating dust pollution and improving environmental quality.

关 键 词：施工扬尘 空间扩散特性 指数律模型 分级管理与控制 计算流体动力学 

分 类 号：X531[环境科学与工程—环境工程]