精神发育迟滞性侵犯和刑事犯罪特点的法学分析  

The characteristics of sexual assaults and criminal offences of criminals with mental retardation

作　　者：姚绍敏[1] 张振兰[1] 王小敏[1] 王学义[1] 王岚[1] YAO Shaomin;ZHANG Zhenlan;WANG Xiaomin(Forensic Appraisal Center of the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University,The Psychiatry center,The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University,Hebei,Shijiazhuang 050031,China)

机构地区：[1]河北医科大学第一医院司法鉴定中心,河北医科大学精神卫生中心,河北省精神卫生研究所,石家庄市050031

出　　处：《河北医药》2021年第15期2380-2383,2387,共5页Hebei Medical Journal

基　　金：河北省医学科学研究指导项目(编号:20190439)。

摘　　要：目的探索精神发育迟滞不同案件的法学特点。方法对2001至2020年在河北医科大学第一医院精神疾病司法鉴定中心鉴定的1285例精神发育迟滞案例的人口学资料、案件类型、诊断及法律能力评定进行回顾性分析。结果精神发育迟滞案例1285例,其中被害人案件748例(58.2%),刑事案件382例(29.7%),民事案件137例(10.7%)为主。女性中轻、中、重度精神发育迟滞的比例分别为54.4%、39.8%、3.0%,男性中轻、中、重度精神发育迟滞的比例分别为85.1%、11.9%、5.4%。男性案件的类型与精神发育迟滞程度差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=97.810,P<0.001),多以刑事案件为主;女性二者差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=46.828,P<0.001),以被害人案件为多。采用多元Logistics回归分析,已婚(相对于离异或丧偶,OR=2.799,P=0.014)、31~40岁(相对于≥41岁,OR=3.205,P=0.009)、未成年人(OR=4.070,P=0.019)、农民(OR=2.667,P=0.004)、重度精神发育迟滞(相对轻度,OR=23.255,P<0.001)是无性自我防卫能力的危险因素。结论精神发育迟滞既有受害者,也有作案者。女性以被强奸案例为主,男性以刑事犯罪作案居多,关注和防止精神残疾者被性侵犯和刑事犯罪具有重要社会意义。Objective To investigate the characteristics of sexual assaults and criminal offences of criminals with mental retardation.Methods A total of 1285 criminals with mental retardation were enrolled in the study,who underwent judicial identification from 2001 to 2020 in our center,and the demographic data,case types,diagnostic classification and legal ability evaluation were retrospectively analyzed.Results Of the 1285 criminals with mental retardation,there were 748 victim case(58.2%),382 criminal cases(29.7%),137 civil cases(10.7%),of whom the proportions of females with mild,moderate,and severe mental retardation were 54.4%,39.8%,and 3.0%,respectively,and the proportions of males with mild,moderate,and severe mental retardation were 85.1%,11.9%,and 5.4%,respectively.There was a significant difference between the types of cases and the degree of mental retardation in male criminals(P<0.01),mainly in criminal cases,and so was in female criminals(P<0.01),mainly in victim cases.The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that married criminals,31~40 years of age,minors,farmers and severe mental retardation were the risk factors for asexual self-defense ability.Conclusion Both victims and perpetrators have mental retardation.And females are mainly rape cases,and males are mainly perpetrators.It is of great social significance to pay much attention to and prevent mentally disabled persons from being sexually assaulted and criminal offense.

关 键 词：精神疾病司法鉴定 精神发育迟滞 被强奸 刑事犯罪 性自我防卫能力 

分 类 号：R749[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]