创业素养调查及对高校创业教育的启示  

A Survey of Entrepreneurial Literacy and Its Enlightenment to Entrepreneurship Education in China Colleges

作　　者：胡海青[1] HU Haiqing(Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang 330022)

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学教育学院,江西南昌330022

出　　处：《中国高教研究》2021年第7期49-54,共6页China Higher Education Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“十三五”规划2016年度一般课题“我国大学生创业人才成长规律及其对创业教育的启示”(BIA20160111)的研究成果。

摘　　要：大学生是我国大众创业的主力军,成功创业需要具备哪些素养成为大学生创业实践和高校创业教育亟待解决的问题。利用自编问卷对我国438名创业大学生的创业素养进行调查分析。结果显示,我国创业大学生创业素养总体水平中等偏上;男女大学生之间无显著差异、高年级创业大学生的创业素养高于低年级、重点大学高于普通院校、不同专业不存在显著差异、担任过学生干部的高于未担任过的、城市与乡村家庭间无显著差异、母亲在公有制或私营单位的显著高于母亲务农等职业;创业模式的创新度、创业的成功水平、创业组织的绩效与创业素养显著正相关。为此,我国高校应深化对创业素养重要性及其培养必要性的认识;强化和推行大学生创业教育培训;增强创业教育的实效性;进一步提升创业教育的精准性。College students are the main force of mass entrepreneurship in China. It has become an urgent problem to be solved in the entrepreneurial practice of college students and the entrepreneurial education of colleges which qualities are required to succeed in entrepreneurship. This paper investigates and analyses the entrepreneurial literacy of 438 entrepreneurial college students in China by using the questionnaire prepared by ourselves. The results show that:(1)the overall level of entrepreneurial literacy of Chinese college students is above average.(2)There is no significant difference between men and women, junior students lower than that of senior students, key universities higher than that of ordinary universities, no significant difference between different majors, student cadres higher than ordinary students, no significant difference between urban and rural families, and mothers in public or private institutions significantly higher than that of mothers in farming and other occupations.(3)The innovation degree of entrepreneurial model, the success level of entrepreneurship and the performance of entrepreneurial organization positively correlated with entrepreneurial literacy. Therefore, Chinese colleges should:deepen the understanding of importance of entrepreneurial literacy and the necessity of its cultivation, strengthen and carry out entrepreneurship education and training for college and university students, further enhance the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education, and further improve the accuracy of entrepreneurship education.

关 键 词：创业大学生 创业素养 现状调查 创业教育 

分 类 号：G647.38[文化科学—高等教育学]