环境DNA技术在长江口水生生物监测中的应用潜力  

Potential application of environmental DNA technology in monitoring aquatic organisms in the Yangtze Estuary

作　　者：王学昉[1,2,3,4,5] 孟维钊 王丛丛 张云飞[6] 田思泉 高春霞[1,2,3,4,5] 韩东燕[1,2,3,4,5] 陈锦辉 吴建辉[7] WANG Xuefang;MENG Weizhao;WANG Congcong;ZHANG Yunfei;TIAN Siquan;GAO Chunxia;HAN Dongyan;CHEN Jinhui;WU Jianhui(College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;National Distant-water Fisheries Engineering Research Center, Shanghai 201306, China;The Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China;Key Laboratory of Oceanic Fisheries Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201306, China;Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Oceanic Fishery Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201306, China;Natural History Research Center, Shanghai Science and Technology Museum, Shanghai 200041, China;Shanghai Aquatic Wildlife Conservation Research Center, Shanghai 200092, China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [3]大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室,上海201306 [4]农业农村部大洋渔业开发重点实验室,上海201306 [5]农业农村部大洋渔业资源环境科学观测实验站,上海201306 [6]上海科技馆自然史研究中心,上海200041 [7]上海市水生野生动植物保护研究中心,上海200092

出　　处：《应用海洋学学报》2021年第3期547-554,共8页Journal of Applied Oceanography

基　　金：上海市科委地方能力建设资助项目(18050502000);上海市长江口海域国家级海洋牧场建设资助项目(NY2017002);上海市长江口中华鲟资源调查和保护资助项目(NY2018001);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2019YFD0901404);长江水生生物资源监测和标准制定及效果评估资助项目(190164);上海市水生野生动植物保护研究中心业务资助项目(D-8006-21-0050)。

摘　　要：环境DNA(Environmental DNA,eDNA)技术是一种正在蓬勃发展的生物采样监测技术,可以根据需要同时监测特定对象或多种水生生物,因其便利快捷,对检测对象和生态环境友好等优点而在水生生物资源监测中具有广阔的应用潜力。长江口水域作为我国最大的河口,是诸多水生生物季节性洄游、觅食和栖息的重要场所,因此对该水域水生生物资源的动态变化进行准确监测是开展相应生态保护的必要基础。本文归纳分析了环境DNA技术的监测原理,以及在濒危珍稀物种、入侵物种、生物多样性、资源量和遗传多样性监测方面的应用现状及限制条件,并结合长江口水域监测工作的具体需求,展望了在该水域应用环境DNA技术进行水生生物资源监测的应用前景和研究方向,并提出相关建议。Environmental DNA(eDNA)is a technique of biological monitoring and it is deve-loping rapidly.It can monitor specific objects or a variety of aquatic organisms simultaneously in need.Due to its convenience and efficient,it has a broad application potential for the monitoring of aquatic biological resources due to its advantages of friendliness to the detection objects and eco-environment.As the largest estuary in China,the Yangtze Estuary is an important waters for seasonal migration,foraging and habitat of aquatic organisms.Therefore,accurate monitoring of the dynamic changes of aquatic biological resources is a necessary basis for corresponding ecological protection.This paper summarizes the environmental monitoring principle of eDNA technology and its application situations of the rare and endangered species,alien species,biodiversity including gene diversity and resources in monitoring in addition to the application limitations.Considering the specific needs of monitoring in the Yangtze Estuary,the application of eDNA technology in the monitoring and research of aquatic resources and so on are suggested and prospected.

关 键 词：海洋环境科学 环境DNA技术 水生生物资源 监测技术 应用展望 长江口 

分 类 号：P76[天文地球—海洋科学]