权利视野下西部民族地区学前教育法治的检视与探讨  

Review and Discussion on the Rule of Law of Pre-school Education in the Western Ethnic Area from the Perspective of Rights

作　　者：涂卫[1] 黄泰博 TU Wei;HUANG Tai-bo(Law School,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081;College of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Inner Mongolia Medical University,Huhhot,Inner Mongolia 010021)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学法学院,北京100081 [2]内蒙古医科大学中医学院,内蒙古呼和浩待010021

出　　处：《民族教育研究》2021年第3期102-110,共9页Journal of Research on Education for Ethnic Minorities

基　　金：国家民族事务委员会“西部民族地区学前教育治理法治化研究”(项目编号:2018-GMI-004)的阶段性成果;“中央民族大学‘铸牢中华民族共同体意识’研究专项”资助。

摘　　要：西部民族地区的学前教育是整个中国教育体制最薄弱环节中的短板,是教育发展不平衡不充分矛盾的突出体现。研究以少数民族学前儿童的受教育权利作为考察这一矛盾的主要切入点和关注点,参照联合国经济社会和文化权利委员会关于受教育权的4A指征考察西部民族地区的学前教育状况,揭示西部少数民族儿童学前教育权利尚未充分实现的困境,由此透视法治层面存在政策本位倾向、制度规范"碎片化"、权利导向思维缺失、地方立法不够精细等诸多隐疾。进一步探寻表明,上述问题的重要根源之一在于无论国际法抑或国内法都未明确界定学前教育阶段受教育权的确定内涵。因此本文提出西部少数民族地区学前教育法治的内核在于遵循权利思维,明晰国家义务配置的内容,而法治的重心在于完善客观法体系,为权利实现提供制度供给。Preschool education in the western ethnic areas is weak in the whole Chinese education system,which is a prominent manifestation of the imbalance and insufficiency of education development. The article takes the right to education of preschool children in western ethnic areas as the main point. According to the 4A indications on the right to education proposed by the United Nations Committee on Economic,Social and Cultural Rights,the article investigated the situation of preschool education in the western ethnic areas and reveals that the right to preschool education of ethnic children in western region has not been fully realized. It also reveals many hidden problems in the legal system, such as policy-oriented tendency,fragmentation of norms,absence of rights-oriented thinking and poor quality of local legislation. Through further exploration,one of the important causes of the above problems lies in the fact that neither international law nor domestic law clearly define the definite connotation of the right to preschool education. Thus the core of the rule of law in preschool education in western ethnic areas lies in following the rights-oriented thinking and clear the obligations of the state. And the rule of law should focus on improving the objective law system and providing institutional guarantee for the realization of rights.

关 键 词：西部少数民族 学前教育 法治 受教育权 4A指征 

分 类 号：G750[文化科学—教育学]