特殊型语言障碍儿童与高功能自闭症儿童 对汉语特殊疑问句的理解  

Comprehension of Wh⁃questions by Chinese Children with Specific Language Impairment and Those with High⁃Functioning Autism

作　　者：戴慧琳[1] 何晓炜[2] DAI Huilin;HE Xiaowei(Guangdong University of Foreign Studies/Shaoyang University;Faculty of English Language and Culture,Guangdong University of Foreign Studies,Guangzhou 510420,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学/邵阳学院 [2]广东外语外贸大学英文学院,广东省广州市白云区510420

出　　处：《现代外语》2021年第4期522-535,共14页Modern Foreign Languages

基　　金：国家哲学社科基金重点项目“汉语特殊型语言障碍儿童与高功能自闭症儿童语法能力对比研究”(17AYY008)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：特殊型语言障碍(SLI)儿童与高功能自闭症(HFA)儿童有类似的临床表现,容易造成误诊。国外学者应用语言学手段,为区分这两类障碍儿童做出了贡献。本文探究学龄前汉语SLI儿童与HFA儿童对特殊疑问句的理解情况。实验发现:1)两类儿童均存在特殊疑问句的理解困难,HFA儿童的困难更大;2)两类儿童对疑问句的理解都存在主宾不对称现象,具体表现不同,SLI儿童理解宾语疑问句更难,HFA儿童理解主语疑问句更难。汉语SLI儿童的表现符合“语言加工能力缺陷”的解释,HFA儿童的主宾不对称现象符合“(句法)树修剪假说”。两类儿童都难以解读移位wh⁃成分的题元角色,核查[+wh]特征的困难加重了HFA儿童理解特殊疑问句的负担。研究发现对深入了解这两类障碍儿童之间的差异及减少临床误诊,具有理论意义和实践价值。Children with Specific Language Impairment(SLI)show similar symptoms with children with High⁃Functioning Autism(HFA),which may result in misdiagnosis.Studies in foreign languages have contributed to differentiating these two kinds of children via linguistic means.This study explores the comprehension of wh⁃questions in pre⁃school Mandarin speaking children with SLI and those with HFA.The experiments results reveal that(1)Mandarin speaking children with SLI and those with HFA both have difficulties in comprehending wh⁃questions,but children with HFA have more difficulties;and(2)subject/object wh⁃question asymmetry has been found in these two groups of children.Children with SLI perform better in comprehending subject wh⁃questions while children with HFA interpret object wh⁃questions better.The performance of Mandarin speaking children with SLI is consistent with the prediction of the Linguistic Processing Limitation Account.The subject/object wh⁃question asymmetry in the children with HFA is consistent with the prediction of the Tree Pruning Hypothesis.Children with SLI and children with HFA are impaired in assigningθ⁃role to moved wh⁃constituents.Difficulty in checking the feature[+wh]intensifies the HFA group􀆳s difficulty in comprehending wh⁃questions.The findings are significant for an accurate identification of children with SLI and those with HFA.

关 键 词：特殊疑问句 特殊型语言障碍 高功能自闭症 

分 类 号：H193.1[语言文字—汉语]