政府·市场·社会:学前教育治理的历史变迁及当代审视  

Government,Market and Society:A Historical Review on the Governance of Preschool Education

作　　者：生兆欣[1] SHENG Zhaoxin(School of Education Science,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210097)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学教育科学学院,南京210097

出　　处：《南京师大学报（社会科学版）》2021年第4期40-51,共12页Journal of Nanjing Normal University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“十三五”规划教育学重点课题“改革开放40年教育改革发展的回顾与反思”(AOA180006)的研究成果。

摘　　要：政府、市场与社会是学前教育治理的三大主体。从治理主体的角色变化来看,我国学前教育大致经历了三个阶段。第一阶段是从20世纪50年代到90年代初,学前教育是社会福利,由政府和集体组织提供。政府是全能型的,独立的市场和社会尚未出现。第二阶段是20世纪90年代初到2010年,学前教育开始社会化,尽管政府仍然扮演着领导角色,但举办责任开始隐退,市场出现并发挥重要的作用。第三阶段是2010年以来,政府承担了“幼有所育”的重要职责,市场仍然扮演一定的角色,社会发挥了补充作用。针对当前学前教育领域的主要问题,调整政府、市场和社会的三方关系,构建开放、动态、平衡的学前教育治理体系,有利于学前教育的健康发展。Government,market and society are the three main bodies of preschool education governance.In terms of the change in the role of the governing body,China s preschool education has roughly gone through three stages.The first stage is from the 1950s to the early 1990s,in which pre-school education was a kind of social welfare provided by the government and collective organizations.The government was omnipotent,and the independent market and non-public social organizations had not yet formed and entered the field of pre-school education.The second stage is from the early 1990s to 2010,when preschool education began to be provided by the market and the non-public social organizations.Although the government still played a leading role,the responsibility for providing pre-school education services has begun to be shifted to the market and non-public social organizations.The third stage is since 2010,when the government has assumed the important responsibility of providing“children s education”,the market still plays a certain role,and the society plays a supplementary role.In response to the current major issues in the field of preschool education,adjusting the tripartite relationship between government,market,and society,and building an open,dynamic and balanced preschool education governance system,is conducive to the healthy development of preschool education.

关 键 词：学前教育 治理 政府 市场 社会 

分 类 号：G619.2[文化科学—学前教育学]