干细胞荷载溶瘤腺病毒靶向治疗脑胶质瘤  

The Targeted Therapy of Glioma Using Stem Cells Loaded with Oncolytic Adenovirus

作　　者：张俊河[1,2] 杨雯雯 ZHANG Jun-He;YANG Wen-Wen(Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,Xinxiang Medical University,Xinxiang 453003,Henan,China;Institute of Health Central Plains,Xinxiang Medical University,Xinxiang 453003,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]新乡医学院生物化学与分子生物学系,河南新乡453003 [2]新乡医学院健康中原研究院,河南新乡453003

出　　处：《中国生物化学与分子生物学报》2021年第7期883-889,共7页Chinese Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.U1604193);河南省科技攻关项目(No.212102310634)资助。

摘　　要：胶质瘤是颅内常见的恶性肿瘤之一,其发病率呈现逐年上升趋势。当前,胶质瘤的治疗仍以手术为主,结合放疗和化疗等,但这些传统的治疗方法均存在某些局限性,临床上迫切需要研究更新型的方法,例如肿瘤基因治疗。溶瘤腺病毒是一类经过基因工程改造的病毒,能够特异性感染并杀伤肿瘤细胞,而不影响正常细胞功能。溶瘤腺病毒治疗具有肿瘤特异性和安全性等特点,并且在治疗胶质瘤时已取得一定的效果。然而,局部注射溶瘤腺病毒无法作用于散在分布的肿瘤细胞,极大地影响了治疗效果。干细胞可以作为细胞载体,也是基因治疗领域具有实用价值的细胞来源,尤其是间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)的应用最为广泛。MSCs对包括脑胶质瘤在内的多种肿瘤具有内在的趋化作用,并且MSCs介导的溶瘤腺病毒可明显提高胶质瘤的治疗效果,但如何获得最佳的给药途径,仍需要大量的临床试验进行验证。本文将对干细胞在治疗胶质瘤中的作用和可能机制,不同细胞载体和给药途径的优、缺点,以及干细胞荷载溶瘤腺病毒所存在的问题和应用前景作一综述,对颅内多个肿瘤和出现远端转移的患者提供重要的理论依据,也为胶质瘤的靶向治疗提供新思路。Glioma is one of the most common malignant brain tumors,and its incidence is increasing year by year.At the present,the treatment of glioma is still based on surgery,combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy.These traditional treatment methods have certain limitations.therefore,it is urgent to find novel method,such as tumor gene therapy.Oncolytic adenovirus is a genetically engineered virus that can specifically infect and kill the tumor cells without affecting the function of normal cells.The treatment of oncolytic adenovirus has the characteristics of tumor specificity and safety,and it has achieved a certain effect in the treatment of gliomas.However,local injection of oncolytic adenovirus has limit effect in scattered tumor cells.Stem cells can be used as cell carriers and applied in gene therapy,especially mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are the most widely used.MSCs have an intrinsic chemotactic effect on many types of tumors,including glioma.MSCs loaded with oncolytic adenovirus can significantly improve the curative effect in the treatment of gliomas,but numerous clinical trials are still needed to obtain the best delivery means.Here,we reviewed the role and possible mechanism of stem cells in the treatment of gliomas,the advantages and disadvantages of different cell carriers and delivery means,and the problems and application prospects of stem cells loaded with oncolytic adenovirus.This review provides important theoretical basis for patients with multiple intracranial tumors and distal metastasis,and also provides new ideas for targeted therapy of glioma.

关 键 词：胶质瘤 干细胞 溶瘤腺病毒 细胞载体 

分 类 号：R739.41[医药卫生—肿瘤]