应急行政行为的司法认定难题及其化解  

Difficulties in Judicial Determination of Administrative Emergency Act and the Solutions

作　　者：林鸿潮[1] Lin Hongchao

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学,北京100088

出　　处：《政治与法律》2021年第8期126-136,共11页Political Science and Law

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金重点项目“深化北京市应急管理执法改革研究”(项目编号:19JDFXA002)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在涉及行政紧急权力的诉讼中,法院首先需要甄别被诉行为是否真正具备应急性,以防止行政机关滥用职权。以最高人民法院裁判文书为样本的分析发现,当前我国司法实践主要从事实证据、职权、程序等常规性形式审查标准入手认定应急行政行为,效果不佳。对此,应当认识到应急法中控权性规范密度比较低、以应急性规范为主的特点,从法定化的应急体制、机制中挖掘可资利用的观察点,将案件系争的应急行政过程尽可能真实地还原出来,建立起符合应急行政活动本质特征的司法认定标准。In a lawsuit involving administrative emergency power,the first thing that the court needs to do is to identify whether the sued administrative act is truly emergent in order to prevent the administrative organ from the abuse of power.By taking judgments made by the Supreme People’s Court as the sample and making an analysis,it is found that in the current judicial practice in China,the administrative emergency acts were mainly determined according to regularly formal examination standards such as factual evidence,authority and procedure,which is not of good effect.Thus,it should be recognized that the emergency law is characterized by low density of power-controlling norms and the majority of emergency norms.By exploring available observation points from the legalized emergency systems and mechanisms,we restore the administrative emergency process in question as truly as possible,and establish the standard of judicial determination in compliance with the essential characteristics of administrative emergency activities.

关 键 词：应急行政行为 行政紧急权力 司法认定 审查标准 

分 类 号：DF74[政治法律—诉讼法学]