讯问录音录像的功能发展:从过程证据到结果证据  

Functional Development of Audio and Video Recording of Interrogation:From Process Evidence to Result Evidence

作　　者：谢小剑[1] Xie Xiaojian

机构地区：[1]江西财经大学法学院,江西南昌330013

出　　处：《政治与法律》2021年第8期149-161,共13页Political Science and Law

基　　金：江西财经大学法治江西建设协同创新中心2021年招标项目“推进国家治理能力现代化视角下认罪认罚从宽制度研究”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：侦查讯问同步录音录像的证据资格存在争议,之前法律以限制其证据资格为主要立法思路,包括主要将之作为过程证据、作为“备用证据”用于证明取证程序合法,不随案移送,限制辩护人查阅、复制。学界对其能否作为结果证据也存在较大争议。2021年最高人民法院颁布的司法解释对此有所突破,将同步录音录像作为结果证据,同步录音录像的功能扩展为用于证明实体事实,但规则较为模糊,缺乏配套制度。事实上,从保密需要、避免偏见、影响侦查效能、降低诉讼成本的角度,都无法证成同步录音录像不具有结果证据的资格。限制同步录音录像结果证据的资格,会导致辩护权受到实质性损害,同步录音录像无法充分发挥抑制非法讯问、发现事实真相的功能,《刑事诉讼法》的立法目标部分落空。未来的改革应当明确同步录音录像结果证据的资格,充分发挥同步录音录像的口供功能,保障辩护人有效查阅、复制,倒逼讯问程序规范化。The qualification of synchronized audio and video recording of interrogation as an evidence is controversial.In the past,the law took limiting its qualification as an evidence as the main legislative idea,including mainly regarding it as process evidence,deeming it as"standby evidence"to prove the legality of evidence collection procedure,not being transferred with the case files,and restricting the access and copy by the defense.There is also relatively serious conflict over whether it is result evidence.The judicial interpretation issued by the Supreme People’s court in 2021 has made a breakthrough,taking the synchronized audio and video recording as the result evidence,thus its function is extended to prove the substantive fact,but the rules are vague and lack a supporting system.In fact,from perspectives of the confidentiality need,avoiding biases and influence on the effectiveness of the investigation,reducing litigation costs,it cannot be proved that the synchronized audio and video recording does not enjoy the qualification as the result evidence.Restricting its qualification as the result evidence will cause substantial damage to the right of defense,let synchronized audio and video recording fail to give full play of its role of curbing illegal interrogation and finding out the truth,thus the legislative goal of the Criminal Procedure Law is partially failed.The future reform should clarify the qualification of synchronized audio and video recording as the result evidence,to give it full play of the role as the statement,ensure the effective consultation and copy of it by the defense,promote the normalization of the interrogation procedures.

关 键 词：同步录音录像 证据资格 辩护权 非法证据排除 

分 类 号：DF73[政治法律—诉讼法学]