基于压电效应的切削振动能量收集及减振刀具应用  

Energy Collection of Cutting Vibration Based on Piezoelectric Effect and Application of Damping Tools

作　　者：杨毅青[1] 申睿 高浩洋 何万林 赵洪杰 YANG Yiqing;SHEN Rui;GAO Haoyang;HE Wanlin;ZHAO Hongjie(Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China;Capital Aerospace Machinery Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100076,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学,北京100191 [2]首都航天机械有限公司,北京100076

出　　处：《航空制造技术》2021年第14期66-70,100,共6页Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(91960108,51675032);航天CALT基金(CALT2020-ZD11)。

摘　　要：大长径比刀具普遍应用于具有深腔、深孔特征工件的加工。随着悬长的增加,刀具等效刚度降低,易引发强烈切削振动。设计内置压电陶瓷吸振器的大长径比车刀,可将主结构振动转化为吸振器质量块振动和压电陶瓷输出的电能,提升减振效果。模态试验表明,减振车刀共振峰值相比于原刀具减少了80.1%。最后,开展多组切削试验,相比于无吸振器刀具,加吸振器后刀具频响函数峰值下降了72%,工件表面粗糙度下降了67.2%。同时,收集到的输出电压达1.1~10.1V,该信号与切削振动密切相关。The tool with large aspect ratio is widely used in machining workpieces with deep cavity and deep hole characteristics.With the increase of the suspension length,the equivalent stiffness of the tool decreases,which leads to strong cutting vibration.The design of large aspect ratio turning tool with built-in piezoelectric ceramic damper can transform the vibration of main structure into the vibration of damper mass and the electric energy output of piezoelectric ceramic,so as to improve the vibration reduction effect.The modal experiment shows that the resonance peak value of the damped tool is reduced by 80.1%compared with the original tool.Finally,several cutting experiments were carried out.After adding damper,the peak value of tool’s FRF decreased by 72%,and the surface roughness of the workpiece decreased by 67.2%.At the same time,the output voltage signal collected is 1.1–10.1V,which was closely related to the cutting vibration.

关 键 词：车刀 振动 减振 能量收集 压电陶瓷 大长径比 

分 类 号：TG506[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床]