最低工资政策与工业机器人应用——来自微观企业层面的证据  

Minimum Wage Policy and Industrial Robot Application:Evidence from Firms in China

作　　者：綦建红[1] 付晶晶 Qi Jianhong;Fu Jingjing(Department of Economics,Shandong University)

机构地区：[1]山东大学经济学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《经济科学》2021年第4期99-114,共16页Economic Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“‘一带一路’国家金融生态多样性对中国海外投资效率的影响研究”(项目编号:17ZDA040);国家社会科学基金重大项目“新旧动能转换机制设计及路径选择研究”(项目编号:18ZDA078);国家社会科学基金一般项目“人工智能与出口贸易高质量发展研究”(项目编号:20BJY195)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文采用2000—2013年中国工业企业数据库和海关数据库的匹配数据,研究最低工资政策对工业机器人应用的影响与作用机制,并考察机器人应用对最低工资政策制定初衷的反向冲击。研究发现,最低工资政策显著促进了工业机器人应用,且在大规模和平均工资较低企业、自动化程度高和劳动密集型行业、南方城市和超大特大城市中更为显著;最低工资政策主要通过用工成本上涨和政策遵从加强来促进工业机器人应用。而工业机器人应用通过增加技能组成工资,提升了劳动者的整体就业和工资水平,但对不同企业间劳动者收入差距的影响尚不明朗,对最低工资政策的冲击仍需未雨绸缪。Based on the Chinese Annual Survey of Industrial Firms and the customs database from 2000 to 2013,this paper studies the impact of minimum wage policy on industrial robot application and its mechanism,and then investigates the impact of robot application on the original intention of minimum wage policy.The results show that the minimum wage policy significantly promotes the application of industrial robots,which is more significant in large-scale and lower wage firms,highly automatic and labor-intensive industries,the southern cities and megacities.The increase in labor cost and the strengthening of policy compliance are the important mechanisms.It is further found that industrial robot application can improve the workers’overall employment and wage through increasing the wage of different workforce compositions,but the effect on income gap between laborers in different firms is not obvious and the impact on the minimum wage policy needs continuous attention.

关 键 词：最低工资政策 工业机器人 技能组成 利润分享 双重差分法 

分 类 号：F249.24[经济管理—劳动经济] F425[经济管理—国民经济]