刑事诉讼非要件事实证明标准探析  

On the Standards for Non-essential Fact Proofs in Criminal Action

作　　者：马贵翔[1] 王琦婷 MA Guixiang;WANG Qiting

机构地区：[1]复旦大学法学院,上海200438

出　　处：《贵州民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第2期127-151,共25页Journal of Guizhou Minzu University:Philosophy and Social Science

基　　金：司法部2019年度国家法治与法学理论研究课题“证据链规则研究”(19SFB2032)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：狭义的刑事非要件事实是指定罪事实以外的实体性事实,包括量刑事实和诸如逮捕、立案等其他过程事实。证明标准层次化构建的内在机理是在司法动态运作过程中,审判者就不同证明对象的重要性对其证明程度进行区分,实际是控辩双方所提出证据的证明力的差异程度,这种差异遵循的基本原则主要是区分重要诉讼权利与一般诉讼权利、以中度、低度证明标准为基础,高度证明标准为补充、特殊情况下有利于被告、从量变到质变的演进原则。适用高度证明标准的非要件事实有从重量刑事实和提起公诉;适用中度证明标准的有部分从轻量刑事实、逮捕和没收违法所得;适用低度证明标准的有部分从轻量刑事实、拘留、其他侦查行为和立案。In a narrow sense the non-essential fact in criminal law refers to the substantive fact other than the incriminating fact,including the fact concerning criminal sentence and other processes such as arrest and case set-up.The mechanism underlying the standards of proof is indicated by the situation where in the process of dynamic judicial operation the judge distinguishes the degree of proof in terms of the importance of objects of proof,which is actually the degree of difference in the strength of proof presented by the prosecution and defense parties.The fundamental principles of this difference are to distinguish basic human rights from non-basic human rights,to be based on moderate and low proof standards,to be supplemented by high proof standards,to benefit the defendant in special cases,and to evolve from quantitative to qualitative dimensions.The non-essential facts that apply the high proof standard include the criminal facts by weight and the prosecution;the moderate proof standard applies the facts of light punishment,arrest and confiscation of illegal gains;the low proof standard applies the facts of light punishment,detention,other investigative acts and filing of cases.

关 键 词：刑事非要件事实 证明标准层次性 量刑事实 过程事实 

分 类 号：D915.3[政治法律—诉讼法学]