应急状态下个人信息权的克减与保护  

On Derogation and Protection of Personal Information Right in Emergency

作　　者：魏琼[1] 徐俊晖 Wei Qiong;Xu Junhui

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学法律学院,上海200042

出　　处：《行政与法》2021年第7期118-128,共11页Administration and Law

基　　金：2020年国家社科基金重大委托项目“中华法系与中华法律文化问题研究”的阶段性成果,项目编号:20@ZH038。

摘　　要：应急状态下对于个人信息权的克减具有正当性基础,让渡的个人信息能为应急防控和政府治理提供便利,但也存在克减过度侵犯公民固有权利的风险。应从"权利克减"过程理论出发,坚持法律保留、目的适当、最小必要、狭义比例、本质保护原则,限定克减主体、范围、方式、强度、对象,厘清应急状态下克减个人信息权的边界并转化为立法实施规范,实现公共利益与个人信息权的平衡。同时,充分发挥个人信息权"客观价值秩序功能"和"防御权功能",通过严格安全保护义务、坚持正当程序约束、设置保护监管机构等规范约束行政应急权,通过畅通救济监督渠道、厘清法律责任主体、明确案件审裁规则、健全行政赔偿救济制度等完善救济与监督,构建应急状态下完整的个人信息权保障体系,以助力国家治理体系和治理能力现代化。The derogation of personal information right in eme rgency has a legitimate basis.The transferred personal information can provide convenience for emergency prevention and control and government governance,but it also has the risk of excessive infringement of citizens’ inherent rights. Starting from the process theory of "right derogation",we should adhere to the principles of legal reservation,appropriate purpose,minimum necessity,narrow proportion and essential protection,limit the subject,scope,mode,intensity and object of derogation,clarify the boundary of derogation of personal information right under emergency situation,and transform it into legislative norms,so as to realize the balance between public interest and personal information right.At the same time, we should give full play to the "objective value order function" and "defense right function" of personal information right,restrict the administrative emergency right through strict security protection obligations,adhere to due process constraints,set up protection regulatory agencies and other norms,clear relief and supervision channels,clarify the subject of legal responsibility,clarify the rules of case adjudication,strengthen the supervision of individual information right In order to realize the modernization of national governance system and governance capacity,we should improve the administrative compensation relief system,improve the relief and supervision, and build a complete protection system of personal information right in emergency.

关 键 词：应急状态 个人信息权 客观价值秩序 防御权功能 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]