中国针灸流派的形成和发展  

Formation and Development of Chinese Acupuncture-moxibustion Schools

作　　者：吴焕淦[1] 陆嫄[1] 纪军[1] 张建斌 冀来喜 李璟[4] 王照钦 马晓芃[1] 刘慧荣[1] 吴璐一[5] WU Huan-gan;LU Yuan;JI Jun;ZHANG Jian-bin;JI Lai-xi;LI Jing;WANG Zhao-qin;MA Xiao-peng;LIU Hui-rong;WU Lu-yi(Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian,Shanghai 200030,China;Second Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine(Jiangsu Provincial Second Chinese Medicine Hospital),Nanjing 210017,China;Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine,Jinzhong 030619,China;Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shanghai 200437,China;Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shanghai 201203,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市针灸经络研究所,上海200030 [2]南京中医药大学第二附属医院(江苏省第二中医院),南京210017 [3]山西中医药大学,晋中030619 [4]上海中医药大学附属岳阳中西医结合医院,上海200437 [5]上海中医药大学,上海201203

出　　处：《上海针灸杂志》2021年第8期1018-1025,共8页Shanghai Journal of Acupuncture and Moxibustion

基　　金：上海市卫生计生委优秀人才培养计划项目(2018YQ11);国家中医药领军人才岐黄学者。

摘　　要：该文系统论述了中国针灸流派的确立要素、影响因素、发展源流、发展现状以及未来发展趋势,认为有鲜明的学术主张或特有的临床技法、明确的奠基者和相对稳定的传承体系、学术著作及学术影响力是中国针灸流派确立的基本要素;传统宗族文化、地域特征、文化意识形态和社会历史背景影响中国针灸流派的形成;中国针灸流派的发展大致可分为古代、近代、现代3个阶段,各有其特点。在国家政策的支持和扶持下,针灸流派以政府管理部门、院校、医院、学会等为依托,以家传、师承、院校教育等多种形式进行传承,流派间相互交流与合作,呈现出流派新生和交融并存的局面。随着流派传承和研究工作的推进,将促进针灸学术发展、加快针灸学科建设;同时,学术发展也将促使新流派的产生,学科建设也必将为流派的传承提供人才和组织机制的保障。This paper systematically discusses the establishment elements,influencing factors,development origin and current status,and future development trend of Chinese acupuncture-moxibustion schools.It is considered that the basic elements for the establishment of Chinese acupuncture-moxibustion schools are distinctive academic ideas or unique clinical techniques,definite founders and relatively stable inheritance system,academic works and academic influence.The formation of Chinese acupuncture-moxibustion schools has been influenced by traditional religious culture,regional characteristics,cultural ideology,and social and historical background.Its development can be generally divided into three stages:ancient,modern and contemporary.Each has its own features.With the support and assistance of national policies,the acupuncture-moxibustion schools have relied on the government administration departments,universities and colleges,hospitals and societies,carried on inheritance in the form of family inheritance,master-disciple succession,and school education,etc.,and exchanged and cooperated with one another,showing the coexistence of regeneration and blending.The promotion of inheritance of the schools and research work will boost the academic development of acupuncture-moxibustion and speed up the construction of acupuncture-moxibustion discipline.Meanwhile,the academic development will in turn promote the emergence of new schools,and discipline construction will also provide talents and organizational mechanism for the inheritance of the schools.

关 键 词：针灸学 流派 传承 学科 学术思想 综述 

分 类 号：R245[医药卫生—针灸推拿学]