DNA recovery and analysis from skeletal material in modern forensic contexts  

作　　者：Krista E.Latham Jessica J.Miller 

机构地区：[1]Biology Department,Human Identification Center,University of Indianapolis,Indianapolis,IN,USA

出　　处：《Forensic Sciences Research》2019年第1期51-59,共9页法庭科学研究（英文）

摘　　要：The generation of a DNA profile from skeletal remains is an important part of the identifica-tion process in both mass disaster and unidentified person cases. Since bones and teeth are often the only biological materials remaining after exposure to environmental conditions, intense heat, certain traumatic events and in cases where a significant amount of time has passed since the death of the individual, the ability to purify large quantities of informative DNA from these hard tissues would be beneficial. Since sampling the hard tissues for gen-etic analysis is a destructive process, it is important to understand those environmental and intrinsic factors that contribute to DNA preservation. This will serve as a brief introduction to these topics, since skeletal sampling strategies and molecular taphonomy have been dis-cussed in depth elsewhere. Additionally advances in skeletal DNA extraction and analysis will be discussed. Currently there is great variation in the DNA isolation methods used by laboratories to purify DNA from the hard tissues;however, a standardized set of short tan-dem repeat (STR) loci is analyzed by many US laboratories to allow for comparisons across samples and jurisdictions. Recent advances have allowed for the generation of DNA profiles from smaller quantities of template DNA and have expanded the number of loci analyzed for greater discriminatory power and predictions regarding the geographic ancestry and phenotype of the individual. Finally, utilizing databases and expanding the number of com-parison samples will be discussed in light of their role in the identification process.

关 键 词：Forensic sciences forensic anthropology forensic genetics individual identification molecular taphonomy skeletal DNA Extraction DNA profiles DNA databases 

分 类 号：R73[医药卫生—肿瘤]