不同功率及温度条件下微波干燥法对辣木叶片硒含量及营养品质的影响  

Effects of Microwave Drying at Different Power and Temperature on Selenium Content and Nutritional Quality of Moringa oleifera Leaves

作　　者：方良材[1] 刘梦姣 吴钊龙 黄卫萍[1] 黄春秋[1] 黄浩[3] FANG Liang-cai;LIU Meng-jiao;WU Zhao-long;HUANG Wei-ping;HUANG Chun-qiu;HUANG Hao(Guangxi Agricultural Vocational College,Guangxi Nanning 530007,China;Guangxi Academy of Sciences,Guangxi Nanning 530007,China;Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants,Guangxi Nanning 530023,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业职业技术学院,广西南宁530007 [2]广西科学院,广西南宁530007 [3]广西药用植物园,广西南宁530023

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2021年第7期1419-1424,共6页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广西创新驱动发展专项(桂科AA18118015-2);广西高校中青年教师科研基础能力提升项目(2019KY1388)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究不同功率及温度条件下微波干燥法对辣木叶片硒含量及营养品质的影响,为改善辣木叶片微波干燥加工工艺及推动富硒辣木产业健康发展提供参考依据。【方法】采用正交试验法,以热风干燥辣木叶片样品为对照(CK),测定不同功率和温度处理组合(F1~F9)微波干燥辣木叶片的总硒、有机硒、无机硒、总灰分、蛋白、维生素C(Vc)、多糖含量及抗氧化活性和色泽等指标,同时结合各处理的能耗分析其优劣,筛选适宜的辣木叶片微波干燥加工工艺指标。【结果】微波干燥法处理辣木叶片的总硒、有机硒、总灰分含量及抗氧化活性和色泽保存优于热风干燥法。其中,F8处理(4000 W、70℃)和F9处理(4000 W、80℃)的能耗均较少,分别为0.35和0.40 kWh,耗时也较短,分别为6和5 min,且均显著低于CK(P<0.05,下同);总硒和有机硒含量均以F9处理最高,分别为0.430和0.411 mg/kg,且均显著高于CK,而有机硒占比也最高,达95.58%;在品质指标方面,F9处理的蛋白和多糖含量分别为25.02%和8.51 mg/g,均优于其他微波干燥法处理;总灰分含量以F4处理(3000 W、60℃)最低,为10.14%;Vc含量以F6处理(3000 W、80℃)最高,为93.01 mg/100 g,且显著高于CK;F9处理的抗氧化活性最强,为94.59%;叶片色泽保存方面,F9处理最绿亮。【结论】在4000 W、80℃条件下进行辣木叶片微波干燥,其硒含量最高,抗氧化活性最强,耗时最短,能耗较低,且营养品质保存较好,因此,4000 W、80℃可作为改善辣木叶片微波干燥工艺的参考指标。【Objective】To explore the effects of microwave drying methods on the selenium content and nutritional quality of Moringa oleifera leaves under different power and temperature conditions,so as to provide a reference for improving the microwave drying processing technology of M.oleifera leaves and promoting the healthy development of the selenium-enriched M.oleifera industry.【Method】Using the orthogonal test method,using hot-air dried M.oleifera leaf samples as the control(CK),the total selenium,organic selenium,inorganic selenium,total selenium of different power and temperature treatment combinations(F1-F9)of the M.oleifera leaves were determined by microwave drying.Ash,protein,vitamin C(Vc),polysaccharide content,antioxidant activity,color and other indicators,combined with the energy consumption of each treatment to analyze their pros and cons,and select the appropriate microwave drying processing technology for M.oleifera leaves.【Result】The microwave drying method was superior to hot-air drying method for the total selenium,organic selenium,total ash content,antioxidant activity and color preservation of M.oleifera leaves.Among them,the energy consumption of F8 treatment(4000 W,70℃)and F9 treatment(4000 W,80℃)were both less energy consumption,respectively,0.35 and 0.40 kWh,and the time-consuming was also shorter,respectively 6 and 5 min,and both were significantly lower in CK(P<0.05,the same as below).The content of total selenium and organic selenium were the highest in F9 treatment,respectively 0.430 and 0.411 mg/kg,and both were significantly higher than CK,and the proportion of organic selenium was also the highest,reaching 95.58%.In terms of quality indicators,the protein and polysaccharide contents of F9 treatment were 25.02%and 8.51 mg/g,respectively,which were better than other microwave drying methods.The total ash content was the lowest in F4 treatment(3000 W,60℃),which was 10.14%.The Vc content was the highest in F6 treatment(3000 W,80℃),which was 93.01 mg/100 g,and was significa

关 键 词：辣木叶片 微波干燥 硒形态 营养品质 抗氧化活性 

分 类 号：S792.99[农业科学—林木遗传育种]