空化射流式深水网箱网衣清洗装备的性能研究  

Research on performance of cavitation jet equipment for deep-water cage cleaning

作　　者：袁太平 胡昱[1] 王绍敏[1] 廖宇琦 陶启友[1] 黄小华[1] 刘海阳[1] 郭根喜[1] YUAN Taiping;HU Yu;WANG Shaoming;LIAO Yuqi;TAO Qiyou;HUANG Xiaohua;LIU Haiyang;GUO Gengxi(South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Key Laboratory of Open-Sea Fishery Deve-lopment,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Cage Engineering Research Center,Guangzhou 510300,China;College of Marine Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所/农业农村部外海渔业开发重点实验室/广东省网箱工程技术研究中心,广东广州510300 [2]上海海洋大学,上海201306

出　　处：《南方水产科学》2021年第4期109-117,共9页South China Fisheries Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD0900903);农业农村部外海渔业开发重点实验室开放基金资助(LOF 2019-05);中国水产科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2019TD77);中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2019SD10);广东省现代农业产业技术体系海水鱼产业创新项目(2019KJ143)。

摘　　要：为揭示网箱网衣附着污损生物的去除机理及影响因素,文章运用数值模拟方法结合样机试验,分析了淹没环境不同工况下清洗装备喷嘴的空化特性,获取了不同入口压力、喷嘴孔径(d)的清洗装备网衣挂板清洗清洁率,探究了空化射流作用下深水网箱网衣污损生物的去除机理。数值模拟结果表明,额定流量下,喷嘴孔径为0.6-1.0 mm,喷嘴最大气相体积分数呈增大趋势,d=1.0 mm喷嘴有最大气相体积分数(37.5%);距离喷嘴40 mm的射流流速减小了85.57%-96.98%,淹没环境对喷嘴流速有显著阻碍作用。进一步水槽清洗试验结果表明,输入压力为18.8 MPa、d=0.8 mm时该清洗装备有最大养殖网衣清洁率(79.76%);贝类污损生物在清洗装备空化射流冲击作用下主要以壳体破碎的形式脱落,清洗以后具有较强吸附力的贝类软质足丝盘为主要残留物,网面泥土完全清除并呈现出养殖网衣原色。To study the cleaning mechanism and influence factors affecting of fouling organisms attached to cage net,we applied numerical simulation method and prototype testing to investigate the biofouling removal rate of cleaning equipment with different inlet pressures and nozzle diameters,and then explored the biofouling removal mechanism of aquaculture net cage under the action of cavitation jet.The numerical simulation results show that the maximum gas volume fraction of nozzle showed an increasing trend when the nozzle diameter was 0.6−1.0 mm under rated flow,and the maximum gas volume fraction value of d=1.0 mm nozzle was 37.5%.The flow velocity of the jet 40 mm away from the nozzle outlet decreased by 85.57%−96.98%,and the velocity of the nozzle decreased significantly in submerged environment.Further water tank cleaning test results show that when the input pressure was 18.8 MPa and the diameter value of nozzle was 0.8 mm,the largest cleaning rate of aquaculture nets of the cleaning equipment was 79.76%.The shellfish fouling organisms mainly fell off in the form of shell breaking under the impact of cavitation jet of cleaning equipment.After the cleaning,most of the residues was the soft foot silk tray of shellfish with strong adsorption.The soil on the sur-face of the net was completely removed and presented the primary color of the breeding net.

关 键 词：网衣清洗装备 清洁性能 深水网箱 计算流体力学 水槽试验 

分 类 号：S981.1[农业科学—捕捞与储运]