自然法与抵抗:论诺伊曼对纳粹主义的批判与反思  

Natural Law and Resistance:on Neumann's Criticism and Reflection on Nazism

作　　者：王宁 WANG Ning(School of Philosophy,Research Center for Value and Culture,Collaborative Innovation Center for Core Socialist Values,Beijing Normal University)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学哲学学院、价值与文化研究中心、社会主义核心价值观协同创新中心

出　　处：《当代中国价值观研究》2020年第6期87-102,共16页Chinese Journal of Contemporary Values

摘　　要：反思与批判纳粹主义是法兰克福学派的重要理论话题,也是早期法兰克福学派代表人物弗朗茨·诺伊曼毕生理论研究的主线。诺伊曼试图以自然法作为批判纳粹主义的起点,考察分析从西塞罗到黑格尔的自然法理论家的思想主张,提出理性的自然法对抵抗纳粹政权具有积极作用。诺伊曼借助霍布斯的自然法理论,将纳粹政权比喻为无法无天的“比希莫特”,否认其为现代意义上的国家,并对纳粹政权的本质展开深度剖析。战后,诺伊曼通过社会病理学的相关研究对纳粹主义做出了进一步的反思,认为有良知的知识分子对抵抗纳粹政权有重要作用。Reflection and criticism of Nazism is not only an important theoretical topic of the Frankfurt School,but also the main line of the theoretical research of Franz Neumann,who is the representative of the early Frankfurt School.Neumann attempts to take natural law as the starting point of criticizing Nazism,examines and analyzes the ideas of natural law theorists from Cicero to Hegel,and puts forward that rational natural law plays a positive role in resisting the Nazi regime.With the help of Hobbes’ theory of natural law,Neumann compared the Nazi regime to the lawless "Behemoth",denied that it was a state in the modern sense,and carried out an in-depth analysis of the nature of the Nazi regime.After the WII,Neumann made a further reflection on Nazism through the relevant studies of dictatorship theory and social pathology,and thought that intellectuals with conscience played an important role in resisting the Nazi regime.

关 键 词：弗朗茨·诺伊曼 纳粹主义 自然法 比希莫特 良知 

分 类 号：D091[政治法律—政治学]