小麦秸杆好氧堆肥过程中微生物多样性与优势菌群分析  

Microbial diversity and dominant microbial communities in wheat straw aerobic composting

作　　者：张秧 艾为党[1] 冯海艳[2] 靳向丹 陈艳武 张良长[1] Zhang Yang;Ai Weidang;Feng Haiyan;Jin Xiangdan;Chen Yanwu;Zhang Liangchang(China Astronaut Research and Training Center,Beijing 100094,China;School of Earth Science and Rasources,China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083,China;Space Science and Technology Institute,Shenzhen 518117,China)

机构地区：[1]中国航天员科研训练中心,北京100094 [2]中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院,北京100083 [3]深圳市绿航星际太空科技研究院,深圳518117

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2021年第11期206-212,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：人因工程国防科技重点实验室基金项目(6142222200701)。

摘　　要：为明确小麦秸秆好氧堆肥各典型发酵阶段中的优势功能菌群,该研究通过16s rDNA高通量测序技术对堆肥过程中微生物多样性进行了分析。结果表明,堆肥过程中各典型发酵阶段中微生物的多样性存在显著差异,各阶段中的优势功能菌群各有不同。在升温期微生物种类主要以片球菌属(Pediococcus)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)和魏斯氏菌属(Weissella)为主,相对丰度分别占细菌和真菌的68.68%、59.17%和12.21%;嗜热霉菌属(Thermomyces)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)和根毛霉属(Rhizomucor)在高温期占据优势地位,相对丰度分别占细菌和真菌的45.21%、29.87%和19.79%;降温期优势菌群演变为嗜热霉菌属、绿屈挠菌科(Chloroflexaceae)和嗜热链球菌属(Mycothermus),相对丰度分别占细菌和真菌的79.84%、16.92%和7.97%。堆肥过程中微生物菌群的代谢功能通路丰富,对糖类、油脂和木质纤维素等相关的代谢功能突出。该研究结果可为研制高效降解小麦秸秆的微生物菌剂提供依据,为解决受控生态生保系统中小麦秸秆等固体废物的资源化处理提供参考。Wheat is one of the main food crops in the Controlled Ecological Life Support System(CELSS).Wheat planting can lead to the accumulation of solid waste,such as wheat straw.Aerobic composting can be used to ferment wheat straw into organic fertilizers,thereby realizing renewable source recycling in CELSS.However,only a few studies were focused on the microbial diversity of wheat straw in the process of aerobic composting.In this study,an experiment was designed to identify the dominant microbial communities in different typical fermentation phases of wheat straw in aerobic composting.A forced aerobic composting device was adopted,including a plastic barrel,temperature control,and ventilation system.The wheat straw and food wastes were used as the main materials and nutrient additives.Three microbial agents(named QD,DH,and VT)were selected in aerobic composting.The temperature,organic content,C/N ratio,and microbial diversity were measured during the experiment.Three typical fermentation stages were divided to collect the samples for microbial diversity,according to the temperature variations during the composting process.High-throughput sequencing was used to characterize the microbial diversity in various fermentation phases.The results showed that the processes with QD,DH,and VT addition all experienced heating,thermophilic,and cooling phases,where the peak temperature reached 58.2,54.7,and 53.7℃,while the high-temperature period remained 9,6,and 6 d,respectively.The organic contents were reduced by 18.87%,24.48%,and 22.08%,respectively.The C/N ratio decreased from the initial 30:1 to less than 12:1,which reached the standard of reactor decay.The properties of the reactor were obviously changed under inoculating three kinds of agents.Correspondingly,the agents determined the community structure of microorganisms in the reactor,and the degradation effects on the materials,particularly representing by the peak temperature,high-temperature duration,and degradation rate of organic content.The microbial diversity an

关 键 词：堆肥 发酵 受控生态生保系统 小麦秸秆 微生物多样性 优势菌群 

分 类 号：X7[环境科学与工程—环境工程]