制度优势转化为减贫效能——中国解决绝对贫困问题的制度逻辑  

Transforming Institutional Strengths into Poverty Alleviation Effectiveness——The Institutional Logic of Eliminating Extreme Poverty in China

作　　者：吕普生[1] Lv Pusheng

机构地区：[1]武汉大学政治与公共管理学院,武汉市430072

出　　处：《政治学研究》2021年第3期54-64,161,共12页CASS Journal of Political Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“习近平总书记关于贫困治理的思想和实践研究”(19ZDA002)的研究成果。

摘　　要：中国历史性地解决了绝对贫困问题,有力彰显了中国政治和制度优势。政治体系的相关制度要素通过影响减贫政策定位、演进、执行和扩展等环节而转化为减贫效能。在政策定位环节,社会主义制度属性决定了摆脱贫困是国家治理的优先议程,规定了以人民为中心的减贫理念。在政策演进环节,实事求是的决策原则要求因地制宜制定减贫政策,民主集中的决策体制确保了减贫政策科学精准,而改革创新的治理优势推动了减贫政策与时俱进。在政策执行环节,中国发挥党政治理结构优势,通过党的政治领导和协同联动,形成了以各级党委和政府为中心,多边主体参与其中的政策执行结构,确保了减贫政策纵向到底、横向到边和内外联动。在政策扩展环节,为解决扶贫人员和资源短缺问题,中国发挥集中力量办大事的制度优势,推动减贫政策扩展到全社会。从政治体系视角阐明中国减贫的制度逻辑,为理解中国特色减贫道路提供了新思路。China’s historical solution to eliminate extreme poverty fully demonstrates China’s political and institutional advantages.Relevant institutional elements in political system are transformed into poverty alleviation effectiveness by influencing the orientation,evolution,implementation,and expansion of poverty reduction policies.For policy orientation,the socialist system has determined that poverty eradication is a priority in state governance,which stipulates the people-centered concept of poverty alleviation.For policy evolution,the decision-making principle of seeking truth from facts has required that poverty reduction policies should be formulated according to local conditions.The democratic and centralized decision-making system has made poverty reduction policies scientific and precise.And the governance advantages of reform and innovation has promoted poverty reduction policies to keep pace with the times.For policy implementation,China has taken full advantage of the partygovernment governance structure,formed a policy implementation structure centering on party committees and governments at all levels,with multilateral entities participating through the party’s leadership and coordination,and ensured that poverty reduction policies cover all aspects,whether vertically or horizontally,and achieve internal and external interaction.For policy expansion,China has given full play to the institutional strengths of pooling all resources to complete major missions to solve the shortage of personnel and resources in poverty alleviation,promoting the spread of poverty reduction policies to the whole society.The article clarifies the institutional logic of China’s poverty reduction,and provides new ideas for understanding the path of poverty alleviation with Chinese characteristics.

关 键 词：绝对贫困 政治体系 减贫政策 贫困治理 党政治理结构 

分 类 号：D621[政治法律—政治学] F323.8[政治法律—中外政治制度]