汉语四字格的语音表现及其韵律问题  

The Phonetic Properties of Quadrisyllabic Units and Related Issues of Prosody in Mandarin Chinese

作　　者：王毓钧 张洪明[2,3] WANG Yujun;ZHANG Hongming(the College of Chinese Language and Culture,Nankai University)

机构地区：[1]南开大学汉语言文化学院 [2]清华大学世界文学与文化研究院 [3]美国威斯康辛大学麦迪逊校区

出　　处：《当代语言学》2021年第3期383-412,共30页Contemporary Linguistics

基　　金：2020年度中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(项目编号:63202213);美国威斯康辛大学麦迪逊校区“赵元任基金”的资助。

摘　　要：关于汉语四字格,前人曾分别从词汇、形态、语音、韵律、语义、修辞等角度进行过讨论。本文则用实证方法,重点探讨其语音表现及音系性质。根据结构组合类型,共有九类四字格,包括左分支、右分支、平分支、无分支等。我们对这九类不同组合关系的语音类型逐一进行实验考察,比较参数之间的差异是否显著。通过这一穷尽性研究,力图厘清一些基本概念,揭示语音和音系的本质异同,使汉语语音、音系、韵律的研究能在一个比较可靠的实证基础上进行。This study investigates the phonetic and phonological properties of quadrisyllabic units in Mandarin Chinese, with reference to issues of prosody. By analyzing the absolute duration, average duration, and duration ratio of a large sample of tokens, this study tests whether the differences between various parametric values are statistically significant with respect to the prosodic patterns of these units. From the perspective of morphosyntax, quadrisyllabic units in Mandarin Chinese can be divided into nine types: 1) full left-branching structure, 2) full right-branching structure, 3) left-branching right-embedded structure, 4) right-branching left-embedded structure, 5) coordination structure, 6) flat structure, 7) invisible structure, 8) left-branching right-invisible-embedded structure, and 9) right-branching left-invisible-embedded structure. Through a comprehensive analysis of all these types, the study has yielded the following findings on the prosodic patterns of quadrisyllabic units in Mandarin Chinese:(1) Five prosodic patterns can be discerned in the quadrisyllabic units of Mandarin Chinese: [1#3], [2#2], [3#1], [4], and [1#2#1].(2) The prosodic patterns of the full right-branching structure and the right-branching left-embedded structure are both [1#3]-type patterns.(3) The unanalyzable structures within the quadrisyllabic unit constitute a prosodic word, which is of the form [4]/[3]({XXXX}/{XXX}), or the first syllable is pronounced prominently in the pattern of [1#3]({X}{XXX}/{X}{XX}). The [2#2]-type is not a common prosodic pattern.(4) In some cases, the first syllable of the quadrisyllabic unit is prominent. The initial position of the word usually requires a strong articulatory posture, which affects the duration of the syllable.(5) The prosodic patterns are primarily related to grammatical structure, semantic information, phonetic motivation, and lexicalization.(6) There is no significant prosodic boundary between the second and third syllables in a quadrisyllabic unit.(7) Due to the differences i

关 键 词：四字格 时长比 音系-句法接口 韵律类型 韵律单位 

分 类 号：H116[语言文字—汉语]