晋语和西部官话中表短时貌的语法手段  

Grammatical devices encoding semelfactive situation in the Jin dialect and Western Mandarin dialects

作　　者：邢向东 XING Xiangdong

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学文学院/语言资源开发研究中心,西安

出　　处：《中国语文》2021年第4期441-455,511,共16页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：国家社科基金重大招标项目“西北地区汉语方言地图集”(15ZDB106);国家社科基金专项项目“新时代中国特色语言学基本理论问题研究”(19VXK06)资助。

摘　　要：汉语语法中的"短时貌""尝试貌"可以合称"短时貌"。晋语和西部官话(西北官话、西南官话)中表短时貌的语法手段,除了与普通话相同的以外,还有"V(一)下""V给下""V嘎""VV儿""VV子"等类型。"V(一)下"是最普遍的类型,"V给下"型是在"V(一)下"中加上助词"给","V嘎"是"V给下"的合音形式。"VV儿"是重叠式后字加儿缀实现名词化;"VV子"是重叠式后字加子缀实现名词化,是共同语和方言的融合形式。以上不同的类型,在地域上有互补也有重叠。不同形式的并存,有的反映了它们之间的连续性,有的则反映了方言之间的接触关系或过渡性。短时貌不同形式在分布地域上的广狭,与其来源和历史深度具有相关性。In the Jin dialect and Western( Southwestern and Northwestern) Mandarin dialects, except for the expressions shared with Putonghua,semelfactive situation is often expressed by structures such as "V( yi) xia(( 一) 下) ","V gei xia( 给下) ","V ga( 嘎) ","VV er( 儿) " and "VV zi( 子) ",among which the"V( yi) xia"type is the most commonly used;the "V gei xia"type is formed on the basis of "V( yi) xia"with additional auxiliaries like gei or ge( 圪);the "V ga" type is formed via the syllabic fusion of "V gei xia";the "VV er"type is the rhotacization of reduplicated verb forms;and the "VV zi"type is composed by verb reduplication with an additional-zi suffix. The last two types present features from both the common language and the dialects,and the region where each type is used can be complementary or overlapping. The distribution of these types is related to their source of derivation and the time of their first occurrences. The coexistence of different types in certain regions also reflects either the continuation between types or the contact between dialects.

关 键 词：晋语 西北官话 西南官话 短时貌 语法手段 

分 类 号：H172[语言文字—汉语]