职业体育与专业体育的制度非均衡研究  

Institutional Disequilibrium between Professional Sports and Specific Sports

作　　者：高升[1] 王家宏[2] GAO Sheng;WANG Jiahong(School of PE,Anhui Normal University Wuhu Anhui 241002;Jiangsu Institute of sports and health industry,Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215000)

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学体育学院,安徽芜湖241002 [2]苏州大学体育健康产业研究院,江苏苏州215000

出　　处：《成都体育学院学报》2021年第4期80-85,共6页Journal of Chengdu Sport University

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中国体育深化改革重大问题的法律研究”(16ZDA225)。

摘　　要：采用文献资料法,探讨体育强国背景下职业体育与专业体育制度非均衡的内涵、表现、影响、原因、对策。研究认为:职业体育与专业体育的均衡发展,是职业体育与专业体育有比例的、分领域的相互制约与支持的发展状态。当前,由于在市场法则与公共法则的选择、平稳运作与改制运作的选择、硬资源扶持与软资源扶持的选择上,存在诸多"两难"境地,导致出现一种想改尚未改的制度非均衡。这种制度非均衡不仅导致职业体育的异化,尤其是劳资纷争、市场垄断,以及赌球、黑哨和兴奋剂等违法行为还有待深入解决,影响到竞技体育专业人才的培养,导致资源浪费、治理缺乏透明度,这对竞技体育治理提出了巨大的挑战。未来,要系统解决二者的均衡发展,需要打破行政垄断,建构竞技体育多主体协同治理体系;提高效率意识,从"为体育迷服务"层面评估竞技体育治理成效;调节社会关系,实施竞技体育归口的治理策略。Using literature to explore the connotation,performance,influence,causes,and countermeasures of the institutional disequilibrium between professional sports and specific sports.It is proposed that the balanced development of professional sports and specific sports is a development state in which professional sports and specific sports are proportional and mutually restricted and supported in different fields.currently,there are many"dilemmas"in the choice of market law and public law,the choice of stable operation and restructuring operation,the choice of hard resource support and soft resource support,resulting in the institutional disequilibrium.This institutional disequilibrium not only leads to professional sports alienation,especially labor disputes,market monopolies,and illegal behaviors such as gambling,black whistle and doping,but also affects the cultivation of professional sports talents,resulting in waste of resources and lack of transparency.In the future,we should break the administrative monopoly,build a multi-agent collaborative governance system of competitive sports,improve the efficiency consciousness,evaluate the effectiveness of competitive sports governance by the"service for sports fans"level,adjust social relations,and implement the centralized governance strategy of competitive sports.

关 键 词：职业体育 专业体育 制度均衡 制度非均衡 

分 类 号：G80-051[文化科学—运动人体科学]