广西百色城区中小学生的营养状况和体型特征  

Nutritional status and somatotype features of primary and middle school students in the urban area of Baise,Guangxi

作　　者：钟斌[1] 周善金[1] 杨园园[1] 李嘉慧 李莎莎 廉春容[1] 尤蔼[1] 莫颂轶[1] Zhong Bin;Zhou Shanjin;Yang Yuanyuan;Li Jiahui;Li Shasha;Lian Chunrong;You Ai;Mo Songyi(Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities,Baise 533000,China)

机构地区：[1]右江民族医学院,百色533000

出　　处：《解剖学杂志》2021年第4期332-336,共5页Chinese Journal of Anatomy

基　　金：广西高校科学技术研究项目(KY2015YB234);右江民族医学院大学生创新研究团队校级科研课题项目(右医科字[2014]2号,编号9)。

摘　　要：目的:检测广西百色城区中小学生的身体成分,探讨百色城区中小学生的营养状况和体型特征。方法:利用MC-180身体成分测试仪对1247名(男生614名,女生633名)百色城区中小学生的体成分进行检测,根据体成分检测结果对中小学生的营养状况和体型特点进行分析。结果:小学、初中、高中男生脂肪过低人数分别占12.9%、15.1%、26.5%;女生脂肪过低人数分别占18.8%、9.1%、13.0%;小学、初中、高中男生脂肪过高、肥胖分别占17.0%、11.9%、6.1%;女生脂肪过高、肥胖分别占2.9%、2.4%、3.8%。小学男生的体型以标准型、标准肌肉型和偏胖型为主;初中以标准型、标准肌肉型和运动不足型为主;高中以标准型、偏瘦肌肉型、运动不足型和偏瘦型为主。小学女生的体型以标准型和标准肌肉型为主;初中以标准型和运动不足型为主;高中以运动不足型和标准型为主。结论:百色城区中小学男生脂肪过高、肥胖人数和脂肪过低人数偏高,两极分化明显,小学女生脂肪过低人数偏多,学校和家庭应根据营养状况和体型特点,对中小学生的饮食结构和体育锻炼进行适当的干预,防止向脂肪过低和肥胖两极分化。Objective:To investigate the body composition in primary school,middle school,and high school students in urban area of Baise,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and explore their nutritional status and somatotype features.Methods:The body composition of 1247 primary and secondary school students(614 boys,633 girls)was detected by MC-180 body composition tester,and their nutritional status and somatotype features were analyzed according to the body composition test result.Results:The percentage of low-fat boys in primary school,middle school and high school was 12.9%,15.1%and 26.5%,respectively,while the percentage of low-fat girls was 18.8%,9.1%and 13.0%,respectively.The percentage of high-fat boys in primary school,middle school,and high school was 17%,11.9%and 6.1%,while that of the girls was 2.9%,2.4%and 3.8%.The somatotypes of boys in primary school were mainly standard,standard muscle type,and overweight type.However,middle school boys’somatotypes were mainly standard type,standard muscle type,and insufficient exercise type.In high school,the somatotypes of boy were of the four types:standard,thin muscle,insufficient exercise and thin.Primary school girls’somatotypes were of two types:standard and standard muscle.Middle school girls’somatotypes were mainly standard and insufficiente exercise.While in high school,the girls’somatotypes were mainly insufficient exercise and standard.Conclusion:In the urban area of Baise,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,the number of boys(from primary school to high schools)with high fat,obesity or low fat is relatively high.The polarization is obvious.In primary school,the number of girls with low fat is too high.Schools and families should appropriately intervene in the diet structure and physical exercise for primary to high school students,especially according to their nutritional status and body characteristics.We should prevent the polarization between low fat and obesity.

关 键 词：中小学生 营养状况 体型特征 百色城区 

分 类 号：R153.2[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]