驴皮低温酶解脱毛方法及其对阿胶质量的影响  

Development of Enzymatic Dehairing Methods of Donkey Hides at Low Temperature and Their Effects on Quality of Donkey Hide Gelatins

作　　者：刘永清 李小波 刘厚霞 王娟 付改玲 LIU Yong-qing;LI Xiao-bo;LIU Hou-xia;WANG Juan;FU Gai-ling(Inner Mongolia Gen-Incept Biological Medicine Technology Co.,Ltd.,Hohhot 010010,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古元本生物医药科技有限公司,内蒙古呼和浩特010010

出　　处：《畜牧与饲料科学》2021年第4期98-102,共5页Animal Husbandry and Feed Science

基　　金：2019—2020年内蒙古自治区关键技术攻关计划项目“二级生物酶解动物骨胶原蛋白肽生产工艺研究”。

摘　　要：[目的]开发一种适合阿胶产业化生产的高效驴皮脱毛方法。[方法]低温条件下(4℃),选用1%碱性蛋白酶和1%中性蛋白酶对醒发的干驴皮开展酶解脱毛试验,比较2种酶解方法处理下驴皮的脱毛时间、脱毛率,并对脱毛过程中驴皮的气味进行评价。以1%碱性蛋白酶和1%中性蛋白酶酶解处理驴皮以及机械脱毛鲜驴皮为材料熬制阿胶,比较不同原料熬制阿胶的出胶量、出胶率、外观、气味等;测定以2种蛋白酶酶解处理的驴皮为原料熬制的阿胶质量指标,包括水分、灰分、水不溶物以及4种氨基酸含量,并与《中国药典》2015版一部中提供的相应质量标准进行对比。[结果]低温条件下(4℃),利用1%碱性蛋白酶(pH值=10.5)或1%中性蛋白酶(pH值=7.5)酶解处理驴皮第2天表现出脱毛效果,处理第5天醒发的干驴皮脱毛率可达90%,有臭味产生但非驴皮腐败臭味,而是脱毛过程中产生的正常气味。以1%碱性蛋白酶、1%中性蛋白酶酶解脱毛后的驴皮以及机械脱毛鲜驴皮为原料熬制阿胶,出胶量分别为113.0、109.4、129.3 g,出胶率分别为13.8%、13.1%、13.2%;2种酶解处理驴皮熬制的阿胶色红、气味芳香,与鲜驴皮熬制的阿胶相比色泽更鲜亮。2种酶解处理驴皮熬制阿胶的水分、灰分、水不溶物均符合并优于《中国药典》2015版一部中的质量标准,L-羟脯氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、L-脯氨酸含量也远高于《中国药典》2015版一部中的质量标准。[结论]低温条件下(4℃),1%碱性蛋白酶和1%中性蛋白酶可对醒发干驴皮进行有效酶解脱毛,且脱毛后驴皮熬制的阿胶质量符合《中国药典》2015版一部标准。[Objective]To develop a high-efficient dehairing method of donkey hides suitable for industrial production of donkey hide gelatins.[Method]The dried donkey hides were soaked with water and then enzymatically dehaired with 1% alkaline protease and 1% neutral protease at low temperature(4℃),respectively.The dehairing time,dehairing rate and odor during dehairing process of the donkey hides dehaired with different methods were determined,evaluated and compared.The gelatins were prepared with the soaked dry donkey hides enzymatically dehaired with 1% alkaline protease and 1% neutral protease,and with the fresh donkey hides mechanically dehaired.Furthermore,the yield,output rate,appearance and odor of the donkey hide gelatins prepared with different raw materials were compared;the quality associated indicators,including the contents of water,ash,water-insoluble matter and four kinds of amino acids,of the gelatins prepared with the enzymatically dehaired donkey hides were determined and compared with their corresponding quality standards provided in China Pharmacopoeia(2015 edition,first part).[Result]The dehairing effects were observed in donkey hides on 2nd day after enzymatically dehaired with 1% alkaline protease(pH=10.5)and 1% neutral protease(pH=7.5)at low temperature(4℃),and the dehairing rate of the enzymatically dehaired donkey hides reached up to 90% on 5th day;the enzymatically dehaired donkey hides had normal odor produced during dehairing,but not the decomposed odor.The yields and output rates of gelatins prepared with 1% alkaline protease enzymatically dehaired donkey hides,1% neutral protease enzymatically dehaired donkey hides,and mechanically dehaired fresh donkey hides were 113.0 g,109.4 g,129.3 g and 13.8%,13.1%,13.2%,respectively;the color and flavor of the gelatins prepared with the enzymatically dehaired donkey hides were red and aromatic,and the color was brighter than that of the gelatins prepared with the mechanically dehaired fresh donkey hides.The contents of water,ash and water-insoluble

关 键 词：驴皮 阿胶 酶解脱毛 质量 

分 类 号：TS251.9[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程] TS59[轻工技术与工程—食品科学与工程]