乌鲁木齐市中小学生近视遗传度调查  

Heritability analysis of myopia among primary and middle school students in Urumqi city

作　　者：史浩楠 王婷婷 刘晓静 姚健 杨歌 袁娟 SHI Haonan;WANG Tingting;LIU Xiaojing;YAO Jian;YANG Ge;YUAN Juan(School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China;Department of Health Services and Management, School of Nursing and Health Management, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China;Health Care Guidance in Urumqi Middle and Primary Schools, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China;The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China)

机构地区：[1]新疆医科大学公共卫生学院,中国乌鲁木齐830011 [2]上海健康医学院护理与健康管理学院健康服务与健康管理教研室,中国上海201318 [3]乌鲁木齐市中小学卫生保健指导中心,中国乌鲁木齐830011 [4]新疆医科大学第三附属医院,中国乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《教育生物学杂志》2021年第4期282-285,共4页Journal of Bio-education

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81860179)。

摘　　要：目的了解乌鲁木齐市中小学生近视的流行状况,探讨遗传因素对中小学生近视的影响,为近视的预防提供理论依据。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,于2019年12月对乌鲁木齐市11所学校的5500名中小学生进行问卷调查及视力筛查,利用Falconer法计算近视的一级亲属近视遗传度。结果回收有效问卷4310份,共有1631名学生患有不同程度的近视,占比37.8%。轻度、中度、高度近视者占比分别为4.7%、13.4%、19.7%;女生整体近视率高于男生(42.9%vs 33.0%);汉族整体近视率高于其他民族(48.1%vs 27.5%);高中年级整体近视率最高,为64.4%。遗传度计算结果显示:高度近视的遗传度最高,为84.10%;汉族近视遗传度高于其他民族(84.10%vs 35.94%)。结论有近视家族史的中小学生更易发生近视,应给予重点关注,尽早预防。Objective To understand prevalence of myopia in primary and middle school students in Urumqi,and explore the influence of heritability on myopia in primary and middle school students,providing theory basis for myopia's prevention.Methods Using stratified random cluster sampling,we conducted a self-administered questionnaire survey among 5500 primary and middle school students from 11 schools in Urumqi.Falconer method was used to calculate heritability of parents.Results For the 4310 primary and middle school students with valid data,1631(37.8%)had different levels of myopia.The prevalence of low myopia was 4.7%,moderate myopia was 13.4%,and high myopia was 19.7%.The myopia prevalence in girls was higher than that in boys(42.9%vs 33.0%).Ethnic Han had higher level than minorities(48.1%vs 27.5%).Senior high school students had the highest level(64.4%).The heritability was 84.10%from high myopia,which was the highest among three levels of myopia.Ethnic Han had higher level than minorities(84.10%vs 35.94%).Conclusion The primary and middle school students with family myopia history had more risk of myopia.We should give more attention to them and intervene early.

关 键 词：近视 遗传度 中小学生 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]