社会企业治理主要视角:一种参与式概念框架  

Major Perspectives on Governance of Social Enterprise:A Participatory Conceptual Framework

作　　者：罗杰·斯皮尔 克里斯·康福思 迈克·艾肯 游斐(译)[3] Roger Spear;Chris Cornforth;Mike Aiker;You Fei

机构地区：[1]英国开放大学 [2]丹麦罗斯基勒大学 [3]北京师范大学国际NGO与基金会研究中心

出　　处：《中国非营利评论》2021年第1期274-298,共25页China Nonprofit Review

摘　　要：社会企业,指运用开拓性商业手段实现社会或环境目标的组织形态,是一个潜在的公共服务提供方,也是一个重要的社会创新工具。在私人、公共及第三部门治理改革背景下,全面理解和认识社会企业面临的治理挑战和问责问题,可以完善和提升社会企业治理实践和政策水平,为探讨和解析社会企业性质和特点提供基础支持。广义的社会企业治理类型学基于理事会产生方式,是一种指向参与式治理的概念框架,涉及自选式理事会、会员式协会与混合式结构三种类型,其中理事会可以担负监督者、指导者、代表者或支持者四种角色。社会企业主要有互助主义组织、贸易慈善机构、公共部门衍生组织以及社会创业家新成立组织四个起源,混合性或多元化组织配置是社会企业的一个重要特征,整合多元利益相关方利益、开发更具开拓性和商业取向文化,成为社会企业规范、发展面临的一项共同治理挑战。A social enterprise refers to an organized form that uses entrepreneurial business approach to achieve social or environmental purpose,which is both a potential public service provider and an important tool for social innovation.In the context for governance reforms in private,public and third sector,a comprehensive understanding and recognizing of the governance challenges and accountability issues faced by social enterprises can improve the level of social enterprise’s governance practices and policies,and provide basic support to explore and analyze the nature and characteristics of social enterprises.The broad social enterprise’s governance typology is a conceptual framework pointing to participatory governance based on the system of board reproduction,involving three types of self-electing board,membership association and hybrid structure,in which the board can play four roles:supervisor,director,representative or supporter.Social enterprises can be seen as emerging from four main origins:mutualism,trading charities,public sector spin-offs and new-start social enterprises,hybridity or multi-organizational configurations is an important character of social enterprises,and integrating diverse stakeholder interests as well as developing more entrepreneurial and business-oriented culture has been becoming a common governance challenge faced by social enterprises for normalization and development.

关 键 词：社会企业 治理 参与式 混合性 第三部门 

分 类 号：F279.2[经济管理—企业管理] C912.2[经济管理—国民经济]