基于DNA条形码的长江口鱼类浮游生物形态分类研究  

Morphological classification of ichthyoplankton in the Changjiang River Estuary based on DNA barcoding

作　　者：刘守海[1,2] 杨旖祎 何彦龙 季晓[1,2] 王宇坛 张海景[3] 毛如意 蒋晓山 程祥圣 Liu Shouhai;Yang Yiyi;He Yanlong;Ji Xiao;Wang Yutan;Zhang Haijing;Mao Ruyi;Jiang Xiaoshan;Cheng Xiangsheng(East China Sea Environment Monitoring Center,State Oceanic Administration,Shanghai 201206,China;Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Monitoring and Restoration Technology,Ministry of Natural Resources,Shanghai 201206,China;East Sea Marine Environmental Investigating and Surveying Center,State Oceanic Administration,Shanghai 200137,China)

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局东海环境监测中心,上海201206 [2]自然资源部海洋生态监测与修复技术重点实验室,上海201206 [3]国家海洋局东海海洋环境调查勘察中心,上海200137

出　　处：《海洋学报》2021年第8期93-104,共12页

基　　金：国家重点研发计划重点专项(2016YFC1402305,2016YFC1402103,2016YFC1402201,2016YHC1402405);自然资源部海洋生态监测与修复技术重点实验室开放基金课题(202007,202010);东海分局青年海洋科技基金(201801)。

摘　　要：DNA条形码技术是利用一段较短的DNA序列实现快速准确物种鉴定的工具。本研究采用传统形态学和DNA条形码技术相结合,对长江口及其邻近水域的鱼类浮游生物种类进行准确鉴定,并对部分种类仔稚鱼进行了形态学描述。结果表明:2016年春、夏季和2017年夏季共获得鱼类浮游生物55种,隶属9目19科。其中鲈形目种类数最多,为35种。鱼类浮游生物在类群上季节变化不明显,但在种类上有明显的季节变化。仅有凤鲚(Coilia mystus)、日本鳀(Engraulis japonius)和小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis)在春、夏季同时出现。首次描述了龙头鱼(Harpadon nehereus)仔、稚鱼阶段的形态特征;对龙头鱼、前鳞龟鰉(Chelon affinis)、四指马鲅(Eleutheronema tetradactylum)、少鳞鱚(Sillago japonica)和日本须鳎(Paraplagusia japonica)这5种仔、稚鱼的可量性状、鳍的发育、黑色素的分布等情况进行了描述,绘制了仔、稚鱼形态图。以上研究可为河口鱼类育幼场的研究提供科学依据,也为鱼类早期发育阶段分类资料的积累探索新途径。DNA barcoding technology is a tool for rapid and accurate species identification using short orthologous DNA sequence.In this study,both traditional morphology and DNA barcoding technology was used to accurately identify ichthyoplankton species in the Changjiang River Estuary and its adjacent waters.Morphological description was carried out at the same time.The results showed that in spring and summer of 2016 and summer of 2017,55 species of ichthyoplankton were obtained,belonging to 9 orders and 19 families.Among them,there were 35 species of Perciformes at most.The seasonal variation of ichthyoplankton in fish group was not obvious,while there was significant seasonal variation in species.Only Coilia mystus,Engraulis japonius and Larimichthys polyactis appeared both in spring and summer.It was the first time to describe the morphological characteristics of Harpadon nehereus larva and juvenile.In addition,the quantifiable characters,fin development and melanin distribution of larvae and juvenile of Harpadon nehereus,Chelon affinis,Eleutheronema tetradactylum,Sillago japonica and Paraplagusia japonica,were described and drew.The research could provide a scientific basis for the study of fish nursery in estuaries,and also provide a new way for the accumulation of taxonomic data in the early stage of fish development.

关 键 词：长江口 鱼卵仔鱼 形态学 DNA条形码 

分 类 号：Q954.3[生物学—动物学]