砂壤土条件下马铃薯中耕机关键部件设计与试验  

Design and Test of Key Components of Ploughshare Potato Field Cultivator in Sandy Loam

作　　者：吕金庆[1] 刘齐卉 杨德秋[2] 李季成[1] 刘中原[1] 于晶 LÜJinqing;LIU Qihui;YANG Deqiu;LI Jicheng;LIU Zhongyuan;YU Jing(College of Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学工程学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]中国农业机械化科学研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2021年第8期27-39,共13页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0700705);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-09-P23)。

摘　　要：针对砂壤土条件下马铃薯出苗前期中耕机土壤回流严重、垄型一致性差等问题,设计了犁铧式马铃薯中耕机,并阐述了其主要结构及工作原理。对塑型部件培土器的结构参数进行设计分析,根据砂壤土土质特征,对土壤颗粒进行了运动学分析,确定了影响马铃薯中耕作业效果的主要因素。运用EDEM仿真试验,以培土犁与培土器间距及作业速度为试验因素,以回土量与垄型拟合度为评价指标,进行了二次正交旋转试验。对试验结果进行优化分析,当间距为600 mm、作业速度为1.3 m/s时,回土量为12.3%,垄型拟合度为0.024。对优化数据进行了田间试验,结果表明,犁铧式马铃薯中耕机回土量为12.5%,土垄垄型一致性为98.3%,土壤扰动系数为67%,碎土率为94.7%,培土高度为8.4 cm,油耗为14.6 kg/hm^(2),满足马铃薯中耕培土要求。In order to solve the problems of serious soil backflow and poor ridge consistency after the potato field cultivator operation in the early stage of potato emergence in the sandy loam environment,a type of ploughshare potato field cultivator was designed,and its main structure and working principle were described.The structural parameters of the shaping device on the potato field cultivator were designed,and the main factors affecting the effect of potato field cultivation were determined by analyzing the soil particle dynamics through the physical properties of sandy loam soil.Using EDEM simulation test,the distance between the soil plow and the soil cultivator on the ploughshare potato field cultivator and the operating speed of the potato field cultivator were used as the experimental factors,the soil return amount and the fit of the ridge shape after the simulation operation were used as the evaluation index,and the second orthogonal rotation test was carried out.According to the simulation test results,the test factors were optimized and analyzed.The results showed that when the distance between the potato field cultivator plow and the soil cultivator was 600 mm,and the field cultivator's operating speed was 1.3 m/s,the soil return amount was 12.3%,and the ridge shape was fitted.The degree was 0.024.Field experiments on the optimized data showed that the ploughshare potato field cultivator developed had soil return amount of 12.5%,soil ridge consistency of 98.3%,the soil disturbance coefficient was 67%,soil crushing rate of 94.7%,and soil cultivation height of 8.4 cm,the fuel consumption was 14.6 kg/hm^(2),which met the requirements of potato field cultivation.

关 键 词：马铃薯 砂壤土 犁铧式中耕机 离散元法 

分 类 号：S224.1[农业科学—农业机械化工程]