论现代社会治理中的道歉制度化  

On the Institutionalization of Apology in Modern Social Governance

作　　者：甘莅豪[1,2] Gan Lihao

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学国家话语生态研究中心 [2]华东师范大学传播学院

出　　处：《新媒体与社会》2021年第1期303-318,共16页New Media and Society

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究后期资助项目“公共危机责任政府道歉行为的话语修辞研究”(20JHQ096);中央高校基本科研业务费项目华东师范大学精品力作培育项目“公共突发事件政府道歉行为的话语传播研究”(2017ECNU-JP011)。

摘　　要：和谐治理社会冲突是公共权力机关履行公共责任最为敏感和重要的一环,也是构建和谐社会的基本保证。道歉制度化是现代化国家治理社会冲突的重要手段之一。整体上看,各国和各地区道歉制度化存在两种不同的路径:问责型道歉制度化和免责型道歉制度化。问责型道歉制度化又分为法律问责型和行政问责型,免责型道歉制度化分为处罚免责型和证据免责型。问责型道歉制度化存在于提倡公共权力为群众利益提供保障的东方文化圈中,免责型道歉制度化常见于重视限制公共权力对个人权利侵犯的西方文化圈中。虽然道歉制度化是政治文明发展的必然之路,可是学界和业界对其路径的利弊一直存在大量争议。针对问责型道歉制度化,争议围绕“异化论”“执行力度不足论”和“层次不清论”展开;针对免责型道歉制度化,争议围绕“有限道歉论”和“全面道歉论”展开。从道歉时机出发对这两种制度化路径进行整合和改进,我国可以构建出一种“统一的道歉制度化路径”。Harmonious management of social conflicts is the most sensitive and important part of performing public responsibilities by public authorities,and also the basic guarantee of building a harmonious society.For modern countries,the institutionalization of apology is one of the important means to manage social conflicts harmoniously.There are two different approaches for the institutionaliza-tion of apology in different countries:accountability and exemption.Accountabil-ity apology can be divided into legal accountability apology and administrative ac-countability apology.Exemption apology can be divided into penalty exemption a-pology and evidence exemption apology.Accountability apology usually exists in the oriental cultural circle which advocates the public authorities to protect indi-vidual rights,while exemption apology mainly exists in the Western cultural circle which focuses on restricting the infringement of the public authorities on individu-al rights.Although the institutionalization of apology is the inevitable way for the development of political civilization,there have been a lot of disputes about it in academia.For the institutionalization of accountability apology,the disputes fo-cus on“alienation argument”,“insufficient implementation”and“Unclear logic argument”,for the institutionalization of exemption apology,the disputes focus on“limited apology argument”and“comprehensive apology argument”.There-fore,it is necessary for all countries to consider how to promote the advantages,eliminate the disadvantages,and reexamine the path of apology institutionalization adopted by their own countries.China can integrate and improve these two insti-tutionalized paths from the perspective of apology opportunity,break the comple-mentary distribution of the two paths in various countries and regions,and build a“unified social apology system”.

关 键 词：道歉行为 制度化 问责制 免责制 公共治理 

分 类 号：D630[政治法律—政治学]