基于生命周期视角的种养一体化奶牛场环境经济效益评估  

Economic and environmental assessment of the integrated maize silage planting and dairy cow breeding system based on LCA

作　　者：黄显雷 师博扬 张英楠 龙昭宇 尹昌斌[1,2] HUANG Xian-lei;SHI Bo-yang;ZHANG Ying-nan;LONG Zhao-yu;YIN Chang-bin(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Research Center for Agricultural Green Development in China,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [2]中国农业绿色发展研究中心,北京100081

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2021年第8期3944-3955,共12页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金资助重大项目(18ZDA048)。

摘　　要：准确评估种养一体化奶牛场的经济性能与环境绩效,是相关支持政策制定的基础,也是促进奶业低碳生产的关键.本文基于生命周期视角,对非种养一体化奶牛场(non-IPBS)和种养一体化奶牛场(IPBS)养殖过程中的温室气体排放、能源消耗、水消耗、土地占用等环境成本和经济效益进行评估.结果表明,non-IPBS生产1t标准牛奶(FPCM)的净收益为1427元,而IPBS的实际净收益提高7%,如果青贮玉米自给率从当前的32%提升到100%,则实际净收益将提高19%,同时,该净收益的提高率取决于耕地流转费用,临界点为14695元/hm^(2);相比non-IPBS,IPBS生产1tFPCM的温室气体排放、能源消耗、水消耗、土地占用分别减少6%、6%、5%、7%,如果青贮玉米自给率提升到100%,则相应减少16%、16%、11%、14%.IPBS在降低青贮玉米种植的化肥施用、解决养殖场粪便污染等方面优势明显,在提升养殖经济效益、降低温室气体排放等方面具有巨大潜力,值得推广.In milk production,integrated maize silage planting and dairy cow breeding system(IPBS)is considered to be a more sustainable production mode to realize manure,straw and maize silage recycling,which is widely popularized in China.Clarity of mode’s economic and environmental performance is supportive of government to formulate relevant policies for promoting sustainable development in milk production and assisting dairy farms with optimal technologies to get lower environmental risks and higher economic benefits.In this study,based on life cycle assessment(LCA),environmental performance and economic benefits of non-IPBS and IPBS were compared,there was only cow breeding in non-IPBS;maize silage planting was introduced in IPBS.The results showed that the net income for producing 1t of fat and protein corrected milk(FPCM)in non-IPBS was 1427Chinese yuan(CNY),while in IPBS,the net income could increase by 7%compared with non-IPBS.In IPBS,self-sufficiency rate of maize silage was only 32%,if it raised to 100%,the net income could be upgrade by 19%compared with non-IPBS.In addition,land transfer cost also influenced the net income in IPBS,when the cost increases to 14695RMB/hm^(2),the net income for producing 1t FPCM in IPBS would be the same as that of non-IPBS.Compared with non-IPBS,IPBS has better environmental performance,specifically,GHG emissions,non-renewable energy use,water use and land use reduced by 6%,6%,5% and 7%,respectively.If the self-sufficiency rate of maize silage rises to 100%in IPBS,environmental indicators mentioned above will reduce by 16%,16%,11%and 14%,respectively.In milk production,IPBS has great potential in increasing net income from reducing feed costs,and contributing in reducing GHG emissions,non-renewable energy use,water use and land use.

关 键 词：生命周期分析 种养一体化奶牛场 牛奶生产 环境成本 经济效益 

分 类 号：X196[环境科学与工程—环境科学]