行政诉讼管辖改革指导思想的实践创新  

Practical Innovation of the Guiding Ideology of Administrative Litigation Jurisdiction Reform

作　　者：韦冉[1] Wei Ran

机构地区：[1]山东警察学院

出　　处：《中国应用法学》2021年第4期77-89,共13页China Journal of Applied Jurisprudence

摘　　要：我国行政诉讼管辖改革的主要任务是防止地方政府对当地法院特别是基层人民法院审理行政案件进行不当干预,其主导思想是实现司法管辖与行政区划的适度分离。近几年,由于社会政治经济迅速发展变化,行政案件数量审级分布倒挂严重、行政争议实质性化解与管辖设计存在内在矛盾、基层审判组织趋向弱化等问题日益突出。2021年3月,最高人民法院发布《关于正确确定县级以上地方人民政府行政诉讼被告资格若干问题的规定》和《办理行政申请再审案件若干问题的规定》,实质上已着手对行政案件管辖制度进行完善。行政诉讼管辖改革指导思想需要更新,推动司法管辖向行政区划和基层法院适度回归进行转变。这种回归,适应改革新形势新任务,有利于优化四级法院职能定位和审级制度,有利于提升实质性化解行政争议能力,有利于实现地方人大权力完整性。新的管辖改革指导思想,可以考虑在异地管辖改革中保留选择管辖的权利,将中级人民法院管辖的简易程序案件交由基层人民法院管辖,并有限恢复行政案件下移管辖制度。The main task of the reform of the administrative litigation jurisdiction system in China has long been to prevent the local government from improperly interfering in the handling of administrative cases by the local courts,especially the basic people’s courts.The guiding ideology is to achieve a proper separation of jurisdiction and administrative divisions.With the rapid development and changes of social political and economic situation in recent years,the number of administrative cases is seriously inverted at the level of trial,and the inherent contradiction between the substantive resolution of administrative disputes and the design of jurisdiction,as well as the weakening of the local judicial organizations have become increasingly prominent.In March 2021,the Supreme People’s Court issued two judicial interpretations,the Provisions on the Qualification of Local Governments Defendants in Administrative Litigation and the Provisions on Application for Retrial,indicating that the Supreme People’s Court has already started to improve its jurisdiction over administrative cases.Accordingly,the guiding ideology of the reform of jurisdiction needs to be updated,promoting the transition of jurisdiction to administrative divisions and grass-roots units.This trend is conducive to rationalizing the functional positioning of the four-level court system,improving the system of administrative litigation and the ability to substantially resolve administrative disputes,and preserving the integrity of the power of local people’s congresses.In the new jurisdictional reform guidelines,it may be considered to retain the right to choose jurisdiction in the heterogeneous jurisdiction reform,to transfer summary procedure cases under the jurisdiction of intermediate people's courts to the jurisdiction of the basic people's courts,and to restore a downward shift of jurisdiction to lower-level courts for administrative cases to a limited extent.

关 键 词：行政诉讼 管辖改革 指导思想 行政区划 

分 类 号：D925.3[政治法律—诉讼法学]