试析施韦泽生命观中理论与实践的矛盾  

Analysis on the Contradictions Between Theory and Practice in Albert Schweitzer’s View of Life

作　　者：郭斌[1] GUO Bin(Institute of Philosophy,Jiangxi Academy of Social Sciences,Nanchang 330077,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省社会科学院哲学研究所,江西南昌330077

出　　处：《山东科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第4期16-23,47,共9页Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology(Social Sciences)

摘　　要：从阿尔贝特·施韦泽的文化哲学的角度看,他的敬畏生命伦理观中存在着三个理论与实践的矛盾。尽管施韦泽著作中推崇生命意志,但这种生命意志有可能导向进化论的生存竞争,而作为医生的施韦泽在实际行为中却是偏向于生命科学的“体”的;尽管施韦泽著作中多少倾向于宗教审美的敬畏感,但敬畏概念中的被动静止倾向与积极行动的科学分析手段之间是矛盾的,而他选择从医的行为则使他向积极干预的科学迈出了一大步,且认为他的生命观多少借鉴了希波克拉底誓言;施韦泽主张的敬畏生命的伦理理想主义把所有生命都看作是平等的,这种“博爱”观其实难以实行。若将敬畏的生命看作是地球上生态圈中的生命,就生态圈而言,每种生命确实都是平等的、不可替代的。产生这三个矛盾的根源在于,应该用伦理处理人与人之间的关系,而不应将之延伸至除人之外的生命界,以及现代科技与古老的宗教、文化传统之间的矛盾。This paper,from the perspective of cultural philosophy,analyses the inherent contradictions in Schweitzer’s reverence for bioethics and holds that there are three contradictions:(1)Schweitzer advocates the will to life in his works,which may lead to the survival competition of evolutionism,while Schweitzer,as a doctor,is biased towards the“body”of life science in his actual behavior;(2)Although Schweitzer’s works tend to have a sense of reverence for religious aesthetics,there is a contradiction between the passive static tendency in his concept of reverence and the scientific analysis means of positive action,and his behavior of choosing to practice medicine makes him take a big step towards the science of active intervention,and his outlook on life is more or less based on the Hippocratic oath;(3)Schweitzer’s ethical idealism of revering life regards all life as equal,which is actually difficult to implement.If the awed life is regarded as the life in the ecosphere of the earth,every life is indeed equal and precious as far as the ecosphere is concerned.In the conclusion,the root of these three contradictions lies in that the ethical treatment should be conducted for the relationship among human beings,rather than extending it to the animal kingdom excluding human beings,and it also lies in the contradiction between modern science and technology and ancient religious and cultural traditions.

关 键 词：阿尔贝特·施韦泽 生命伦理观 敬畏生命 静态的宗教审美 伦理理想主义 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]