不同水氮处理对马铃薯土壤酶活性和产量的影响  

Effects of Different Water and Nitrogen Treatments on Soil Enzyme Activity and Yield of Potato

作　　者：王顺 尹娟[1,2,3] 张海军 王臣 WANG Shun;YIN Juan;ZHANG Hai-jun;WANG Chen(Ningxia University,School of Civil Engineering and Water Conservancy,Yinchuan 750021,China;Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Modern Agricultural Water Resources in Arid Regions,Ministry of Education,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Ningxia Research Center of Technology on Water-saving Irrigation and Water Resources Regulation,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院,银川750021 [2]旱区现代农业水资源高效利用教育部工程中心,银川750021 [3]宁夏节水灌溉与水资源调控工程技术研究中心,银川750021

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2021年第8期67-73,共7页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：宁夏高等学校一流学科建设项目(NXYLXK2017A03)。

摘　　要：针对宁夏中部干旱地区农田土壤生态环境问题,研究了不同水氮处理对马铃薯土壤过氧化氢酶活性和土壤脲酶活性及产量的影响变化规律。研究结果表明:在马铃薯0~20 cm土层中,土壤过氧化氢酶活性和脲酶活性均随马铃薯生育期阶段的推进呈现出先升高后降低的变化趋势;在垂直方向上,随着土层深度的增加,土壤过氧化氢酶活性呈现逐渐降低的变化趋势,而土壤脲酶活性则呈升高的变化趋势;中水中氮(W2N2)有利于增加土壤酶活性,而低水高氮(W1N3)则不利于土壤酶活性的提高;中水中氮(W2N2)处理的马铃薯产量和商品薯率最高,分别为53698.95 kg/hm^(2)和96.4%;0~20 cm土层土壤过氧化氢酶活性与马铃薯产量呈极显著正相关,0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层土壤脲酶活性与马铃薯产量呈显著正相关。综合考虑,中水中氮(W2N2)为最佳的处理,有利于马铃薯产量、商品薯率的提高和土壤生态环境的改善。因此推荐W2N2处理(灌溉定额为1500 m^(3)/hm^(2),施氮量为210 kg/hm^(2))作为宁夏中部干旱地区马铃薯种植的水氮管理模式。Aiming at the farmland soil eco-environmental problems in the arid area of central Ningxia,the effects of different water and nitrogen treatments on potato soil catalase activity,soil urease activity and yield were studied.The results of the study showed that in the 0~20 cm soil layer of potato,both the soil catalase activity and urease activity showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the progress of the potato growth stage;in the vertical direction,with the increase of soil layer depth,soil catalase activity showed a decreasing trend,while soil urease activity showed an increasing trend.Middle water nitrogen(W2N2)was beneficial to increase soil enzyme activity,while low water high nitrogen(W1N3)was not conducive to the improvement of soil enzyme activity;the yield of potatoes and the rate of commercial potatoes treated with intermediate water nitrogen(W2N2)were the highest,which were 53698.95 kg/hm^(2) and 96.4%,respectively;The soil catalase activity in 0~20 cm soil layer was significantly positively correlated with potato yield,and the soil urease activity of 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm soil layers was significantly positively correlated with potato yield.In conclusion,middle water nitrogen(W2N2)was the best treatment,which was conducive to the increase of potato production,the rate of commercial potatoes,and the improvement of soil ecological environment.Therefore,the W2N2 treatment(irrigation quota of 1500 m^(3)/hm^(2) and nitrogen application rate of 210 kg/hm^(2))is recommended as the water and nitrogen management mode for potato planting in the arid regions of central Ningxia.

关 键 词：马铃薯 水氮处理 水氮耦合 土壤酶 土壤过氧化氢酶活性 土壤脲酶活性 酶活性 产量 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]