西藏察隅县城区中小学学生眼镜需求和眼镜自有率调查  

Need for spectacles and spectacle ownership in students from urban primary and middle schools at Chayu County in Tibet

作　　者：姚娜 陈冬翠 蔡玥 陈林兴[1] 黄文勇[1] 刘斌[1] Yao Na;Chen Cuidong;Cai Yue;Chen Linxing;Huang Wenyong;Liu Bin(Operation Room,Sun Yat-sen Ophthalmology Center,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510060,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学中山眼科中心手术室,广州510060

出　　处：《国际医药卫生导报》2021年第15期2421-2424,共4页International Medicine and Health Guidance News

摘　　要：目的调查西藏县级城区中小学生的眼镜需求和眼镜自有率及相关因素。方法以学校为基础的横断面研究。研究对象为2018年5月西藏林芝地区察隅县城区中小学的学生,对学生进行了全面的眼科检查,包括视力、睫状肌麻痹验光以及戴镜现状的问卷调查。眼镜自有,定义为已经自行配镜,日常在学校戴眼镜;戴镜需求,定义为视力较好眼的未矫正视力不大于6/12,而且可以矫正到6/12以上,或弱视但戴镜能提高视力2行或2行以上。结果在校1795名学生[年龄(13.2±3.0)岁;男女比例为49.5%∶50.5%(888∶907)]全部完成了视力筛查。小学生672名,年龄(10.2±2.3)岁;中学生1123名,年龄(15.0±1.4)岁。筛查出有戴镜需求的学生486名,其中弱视77名。女学生戴镜需求明显高于男生[313(64.43%)比173(35.67%)](P<0.001),年龄越大戴镜需求越大(P<0.001);自有眼镜的学生均为中学生,眼镜自有率仅为0.8%(15/17955),且日常戴镜生活视力均≤6/12。结论边远地区的城区学生对眼镜的需求很高,女学生及年龄较大的更加明显;而眼镜的自有率很低。这提示应该采取适当的视光服务方案,以满足边远地区学生的戴镜需求,从而达到眼健康、教育与性别平等的多赢。Objective To investigate the need for spectacles and spectacle ownership in students from county urban primary and middle schools in Tibet.Methods This school-based cross-sectional study enrolled primary and middle school students at Chayu County,Nyingchi,Tibet in May 2018.Comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations were performed,including visual acuity testing,mydriatic optometry,and a questionnaire about glasses ownership.We defined students with self-owned glasses as who wore their own glasses in school,and spectacle-needed students as who had uncorrected visual acuity≤6/12 in their better eyes and whose visual acuity could be corrected to above 6/12,or who had amblyopia but whose visual acuity could be improved 2 lines or more by glasses.Results One thousand and seven hundred and ninety five students were enrolled and completed the examinations;they were(13.2±3.0)years old;and the male to female ratio was 49.5%∶50.5%(888∶907).There were 1123 middle school students,who were(15.0±1.4)years old.Four hundred and eighty six students needed glasses,and 77 got amblyopia.More girls needed glasses than boys[313(64.43%)vs.173(35.67%),P<0.001].The students need for glasses increased with their age(P<0.001).All the students with glasses were from middle schools,with a spectacle ownership rate of 0.8%(15/1795),and their daily visual acuity with glasses was≤6/12.Conclusion In county-level urban primary and middle schools in Tibet,girls and elder students have stronger need for spectacles,but the rate of spectacle ownership is a very low,indicating that spectacle distribution programs are needed in remote minority regions for the students in need and for people's eye health and for gender equality.

关 键 词：边远地区 中小学生 眼镜需求率 自有眼镜率 

分 类 号：R778.11[医药卫生—眼科]