论行政复议共同被告制度的困境与未来  

On Predicaments of the System of the Administrative Reconsideration Agency Serving as Co-Defendant and the Future

作　　者：杨欣雅 YANG Xin-ya(Xinxing Cathay Pharmaceutical Holdings Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100020)

机构地区：[1]新兴际华医药控股有限公司,北京100020

出　　处：《行政法学研究》2021年第4期134-146,共13页ADMINISTRATIVE LAW REVIEW

摘　　要：为倒逼行政复议机关公正行使复议权,2014年行政诉讼法修改时确定了行政复议机关作共同被告制度。该制度的实施效果有必要作出中肯审视。实证分析的结论表明复议机关作共同被告并未实现直接提升行政复议质量的预期,制度成本大于效益,且面临理论与实践的多重困境。行政复议是行政司法行为,居中对行政争议作出裁决,是与行政诉讼并列的行政救济制度、纠纷解决制度,其性质与功能决定了行政复议机关不应作被告。作被告也难以解决"维持率高"等复议功能发挥不足问题,其症结应当在于改造行政复议体制和程序。复议机关作共同被告应当取消,进而确立复议机关原则上不做被告制度。In order to force the administrative reconsideration agency to perform its right of reconsideration fairly,the administrative reconsideration agency was determined as the co-defendant when the Administrative Procedure Law was revised in 2014.It is necessary to examine the implementation effect of the system.The conclusion of empirical analysis shows that the system of the reconsideration agency as a co-defendant system has not achieved the expectation of improving the quality of the administrative reconsideration,which is facing multiple difficulties in theory and practice.And the cost exceeds over the benefit.Administrative reconsideration belongs to a quasi-judicial act,which makes a decision on administrative disputes in the middle.It functions as an administrative remedy system and a dispute resolution system parallel to administrative litigation,and its nature and function determine that the administrative reconsideration agency should not be the defendant.This system cannot solve the problems of high maintenance rate and insufficient function of reconsideration.The reason why the function of administrative reconsideration system is insufficient lies in the system and procedure of administrative reconsideration.The system of reconsideration agency as a co-defendant should be abolished.In principle,administrative reconsideration agency shall not be the defendant.

关 键 词：行政复议 行政诉讼 共同被告 复议维持 

分 类 号：D925.3[政治法律—诉讼法学]