Impact of five annual rounds of mass drug administration with ivermectin on onchocerciasis in Sierra Leone  

作　　者：Joseph B.Koroma Santigie Sesay Abdul Conteh Benjamin Koudou Jusufu Paye Mohamed Bah Mustapha Sonnie Mary H.Hodges Yaobi Zhang Moses J.Bockarie 

机构地区：[1]Family Health International(FHI)360,Ghana Country Office,Accra,Ghana [2]National Neglected Tropical Disease Control Programme,Ministry of Health and Sanitation,Freetown,Sierra Leone [3]Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases,Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine,Liverpool,UK [4]Helen Keller International,Freetown,Sierra Leone [5]Helen Keller International,Regional Office for Africa,Dakar,Senegal [6]European&Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership(EDCTP),Medical Research Council,Cape Town,South Africa

出　　处：《Infectious Diseases of Poverty》2018年第1期314-325,共12页贫困所致传染病（英文）

基　　金：All the studies reported in this paper were funded by WHO through OCP or APOC,who also provided technical support in the design,implementation(quality control);interpretation of the baseline data.

摘　　要：Background:Onchocerciasis is endemic in 12 of the 14 health districts of Sierra Leone.Good treatment coverage of community-directed treatment with ivermectin was achieved between 2005 and 2009 after the 11-year civil conflict.Sentinel site surveys were conducted in 2010 to evaluate the impact of five annual rounds of ivermectin distribution.Methods:In total,39 sentinel villages from hyper-and meso-endemic areas across the 12 endemic districts were surveyed using skin snips in 2010.Results were analyzed and compared with the baseline data from the same 39 villages.Results:The average microfilaridermia(MF)prevalence across 39 sentinel villages was 53.10%at baseline.The MF prevalence was higher in older age groups,with the lowest in the age group of 1-9 years(11.00%)and the highest in the age group of 40-49 years(82.31%).Overall mean MF density among the positives was 28.87 microfilariae(mf)/snip,increasing with age with the lowest in the age group of 1-9 years and the highest in the age group of 40-49 years.Males had higher MF prevalence and density than females.In 2010 after five rounds of mass drug administration,the overall MF prevalence decreased by 60.26%from 53.10%to 21.10%;the overall mean MF density among the positives decreased by 71.29%from 28.87 mf/snip to 8.29 mf/snip;and the overall mean MF density among all persons examined decreased by 88.58%from 15.33 mf/snip to 1.75 mf/snip.Ten of 12 endemic districts had>50%reduction in MF prevalence.Eleven of 12 districts had≥50%reduction in mean MF density among the positives.Conclusions:A significant reduction of onchocerciasis MF prevalence and mean density was recorded in all 12 districts of Sierra Leone after five annual MDAs with effective treatment coverage.The results suggested that the onchocerciasis elimination programme in Sierra Leone was on course to reach the objective of eliminating onchocerciasis in the country by the year 2025.Annual MDA with ivermectin should continue in all 12 districts and further evaluations are needed across the country to

关 键 词：ONCHOCERCIASIS Onchocerca volvulus Mass drug administration Community-directed treatment with ivermectin Community-directed drug distributor Skin snip Onchocerciasis-endemic POST-CONFLICT Disease elimination Rapid diagnostic test 

分 类 号：R57[医药卫生—消化系统]