多重劳动关系合法性考辩  

Research on the Legitimacy of Multiple Labor Relations

作　　者：问清泓[1] WEN Qinghong

机构地区：[1]武汉科技大学文法与经济学院,湖北武汉430081

出　　处：《决策与信息》2021年第9期32-42,共11页Decision & Information

基　　金：2019年度国家社会科学基金教育学一般课题“实习制度创新研究”(编号:BJA190101)成果。

摘　　要：在我国多重劳动关系还不属于真正的法律范畴,其合法性问题一直争论不休,未有定论。肯定说含有条件肯定说,认为多重劳动关系具有合法性;否定说认为多重劳动关系特别是兼职并不具有合法性。域外许多立法都明确承认多重劳动关系包括双重劳动关系或兼职的合法性,值得参考。多重劳动关系之社会保险问题争议巨大,主要有全面肯定说、部分肯定说与全面否定说三种。全面肯定说认为:社会保险是所有用人单位的法定义务,无论是劳动法语境下的狭义劳动关系,还是民法意义上的劳务关系或雇佣关系,用工单位都有义务为劳动者购买社会保险;部分肯定说认为:劳动法之狭义劳动关系,用人单位应当承担社会保险义务,而劳务关系或雇佣关系则无此义务,该观点还包括即便有社会保险义务也仅仅指工伤保险或失业保险;全面否定说盛行于新型劳动用工情态,供给侧之平台用工单位和需求侧之劳动者含多重劳动者双方常常达成无社会保险之默契或自愿弃保协议。In our country,multiple labor relations do not belong to the real legal category,and the issue of their legality has been debated endlessly,and no conclusion has been reached.The affirmative says that it contains conditions.The affirmative says that multiple labor relations are considered legal;the negative says that multiple labor relationships,especially part-time jobs,are not legal.Many foreign legislations clearly recognize the legitimacy of multiple labor relations,including dual labor relations or part-time jobs,which are worthy of reference.The social insurance issue of multiple labor relations is extremely controversial,and there are mainly three types:full affirmation,partial affirmation,and full negation.The full affirmation theory believes that social insurance is a legal obligation of all employers,whether it is a narrow labor relationship in the context of labor,or a labor relationship or employment relationship in the sense of civil law,the employer is obliged to purchase social insurance for employees;Part of it is definitely that:in the narrow sense of labor law,employers should bear social insurance obligations,while labor relations or employment relationships have no such obligation.This view also includes that even if there is social insurance obligation,it only refers to work injury insurance or unemployment insurance;The negative theory prevails in the new labor employment situation.Both the supply-side platform employer and the demand-side workers with multiple workers often reach a tacit agreement or voluntary waiver agreement without social insurance.

关 键 词：多重劳动关系 劳动关系合法性 兼职 社会保险 《劳动合同法》 新型用工关系 

分 类 号：F249.26[经济管理—劳动经济] D922.5[经济管理—国民经济]