S-四嗪类含能化合物研究进展  

Research on the S-Tetrazine-based Energetic Compounds

作　　者：马海霞[1] 陈湘[1] 张聪[1] 郑婉婉 田汉文 白杨 MA Hai-xia;CHEN Xiang;ZHANG Cong;ZHENG Wan-wan;TIAN Han-wen;BAI Yang(School of Chemical Engineering,Northwest University&Xi′an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials,Xi′an 710069,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学化工学院&西安市特种能源材料重点实验室,陕西西安710069

出　　处：《火炸药学报》2021年第4期407-419,共13页Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.21673179);陕西省自然科学基金(No.2020JZ-43)。

摘　　要：综述了目前国内外S-四嗪类含能化合物的研究情况,对国内外具有代表性的研究工作进行了介绍,主要分为含能有机物、含能有机盐、含能金属盐与配合物3个方面,其中有机物和有机盐研究较多,金属盐研究较少。总结了四嗪含能化合物的设计思路、应用前景和待解决的问题。对称取代的1,2,4,5-四嗪化合物是目前绝大多数工作的研究目标,设计这些化合物主要依靠四嗪环上易发生亲核取代反应的特点而引入不同的含能取代基来对整体化合物的性能进行修饰和调控。通过设计合成离子盐,利用阴阳离子间的氢键相互作用可对含能化合物的稳定性进行优化。四嗪类含能材料氮含量高、分解产物清洁,在微推力和低特征信号推进剂、汽车安全气囊气体发生剂组分、绿色起爆药等方面具有良好的应用前景。不足之处在于这些化合物的放大合成研究很少,工业化基础较薄弱,且对非对称取代的1,2,4,5-四嗪化合物研究较少,在未来需要加大这些方面的研究。附参考文献70篇。The progress of S-tetrazine energetic materials(EMs)at home and abroad are discussed.The works of some representative research groups are introduced in three parts:energetic organics,energetic organic salts,energetic metal salts and complexes.Among them,there are more researches on organics and organic salts,and less research on metal salts.The prospects and problems of developing tetrazine EMs in the future are discussed.Symmetrically substituted 1,2,4,5-tetrazine compounds are the research targets of most of the current works.The design of these compounds mainly depends on the nucleophilic substitution reaction on the tetrazine ring and the introduction of different energetic substituents can regulate the performance of EMs.By designing and synthesizing energetic salts,the stability of EMs can be optimized by using the hydrogen bond interactions between anions and cations.The tetrazine EMs have high nitrogen content and clean decomposition products.They have good application prospects in micro-thrust and low characteristic signal propellant,gas generator components of automobile airbag and green primary explosives.The disadvantage is that there are few studies on the amplification synthesis of these compounds hence the foundation of industrialization is weak,and there are few studies on asymmetrically substituted 1,2,4,5-tetrazine compounds.It is necessary to increase the research in these aspects in the future and 70 references are attached in this review.

关 键 词：有机化学 S-四嗪 高氮含能材料 四嗪类化合物 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] O62[理学—有机化学]