节水灌溉栽培模式对稻米品质和淀粉RVA谱的影响  

Effects of Water-Saving Irrigation Cultivation Model on Rice Quality and Starch RVA Profiles

作　　者：薛菁芳[1] 蔡永盛[1] 陈书强[1] Xue Jingfang;Cai Yongsheng;Chen Shuqiang(Rice Research Institute,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Rice Cold Damage in Cold Region,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Jiamusi 154026,Heilongjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院水稻研究所/农业农村部寒地粳稻冷害科学观测实验站,黑龙江佳木斯154026

出　　处：《作物杂志》2021年第4期86-92,共7页Crops

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(LH2019C063);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300505-4);黑龙江省农业科学院院级课题(2020YYYF021);黑龙江省农业科学院“农业科技创新跨越工程”专项(HNK2019CX12)。

摘　　要：为节约水资源,筛选适合黑龙江省栽培的优质耐旱水稻品种,实现水稻可持续生产,以黑龙江省主栽的16个水稻品种为试验材料,设置节水灌溉(WI)和常规灌溉(TI),研究2种灌溉方式对稻米加工品质、营养品质和淀粉RVA谱特征值的影响。结果表明,WI处理使10个品种的糙米率提高0.56%~6.94%;8个品种的精米率提高0.88%~8.09%;11个品种的蛋白质含量降低0.81%~8.15%;9个品种的直链淀粉含量降低0.34%~5.21%;8个品种的食味评分提高1.33%~13.06%。对稻米淀粉RVA谱分析表明,WI处理使11个品种的峰值黏度升高,5个品种的热浆黏度和冷胶黏度降低,9个品种的崩解值升高,10个品种消减值降低。以精米率和食味评分为主要衡量指标,并综合其他品质指标来看,WI处理稻米品质改善的品种有绥粳4号、绥粳15、绥粳17、龙粳39、龙粳47、龙粳1525和龙粳1437。High-quality drought-tolerant varieties were selected to save the water resources for evaluating sustainable rice production suitable for main cultivation in Heilongjiang province. Sixteen rice varieties mainly grown in Heilongjiang province were used as experimental materials. Two methods of water-saving irrigation(WI) and conventional irrigation(TI) were set up to study the effects of different irrigation methods on rice processing, nutritional quality, and starch RVA profiles. The results showed that WI treatment increased the brown rice rates of ten varieties by 0.56%-6.94%;increased the milled rice rates of eight varieties by 0.88%-8.09%;reduced the protein contents of eleven varieties by 0.81%-8.15%;reduced the amylase contents of nine varieties by 0.34%-5.21%, and improved the taste scores of eight varieties by 1.33%-13.06%. The analysis of RVA profiles of rice starch showed that WI treatment increased the peak viscosity of eleven varieties, reduced the hot paste viscosity and cold paste viscosity of five varieties, increased the breakdown value of nine varieties, and reduced the setback value of ten varieties. Taking the milled rice rate and taste score as the main measurement and considered other quality indicators, the varieties with improved rice quality were Suijing 4, Suijing 15, Suijing 17, Longjing 39, Longjing 47, Longjing 1525, and Longjing 1437 under WI treatment.

关 键 词：水稻 节水灌溉 稻米品质 RVA谱 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]