小叶榕对土壤铅镉污染的抗性和修复潜力研究  

Resistance and remediation potential of Ficus microcarpa to Pb and Cd pollution in soil

作　　者：彭维新 庄玉婷 梁智淇 俞政男 吴道铭 张学平 曾曙才 PENG Weixin;ZHUANG Yuting;LIANG Zhiqi;YU Zhengnan;WU Daoming;ZHANG Xueping;ZENG Shucai(College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Foshan Forestry Science Research Institute,Foshan 528222,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学林学与风景园林学院,广州510642 [2]佛山市林业科学研究所,广东佛山528222

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2021年第8期1707-1717,共11页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31971629,41807112)。

摘　　要：采用盆栽试验探讨小叶榕(Ficusmicrocarpa)对土壤Pb、Cd污染的适应性,并采用熵权TOPSIS模型综合评价其对Pb、Cd污染的修复潜力。结果表明,土壤低含量Pb促进小叶榕生长而高含量Pb抑制小叶榕生长,500 mg·kg^(-1) Pb处理下,小叶榕地下部和总生物量比对照分别增加28.92%和30.09%,氮、磷、钾吸收量分别增加11.74%、97.59%和61.80%,而1500 mg·kg^(-1)Pb处理对小叶榕生长发育表现出明显抑制作用。低含量Cd(10 mg·kg^(-1))对小叶榕生物量和氮、钾元素吸收无明显影响,≥25 mg·kg^(-1)Cd抑制小叶榕生长。复合Pb、Cd污染土壤中,小叶榕对Cd比较敏感,而对Pb表现出较好的耐受性;与Pb_(1000)Cd_(25)处理相比,增加土壤中的Pb含量(Pb_(1500)Cd_(25))或Cd含量(Pb_(1000)Cd_(50))仅显著增加小叶榕根部的重金属含量。与Pb_(1500)Cd_(25)处理相比,增加土壤中Cd的含量(Pb_(1500)Cd_(50))会抑制小叶榕根部对Pb的吸收,但会促进地上部对Pb的吸收。熵权TOPSIS模型评价结果显示,单一Pb、Cd污染中小叶榕生长及养分吸收状况综合评价排序为:Pb_(50)0>Cd10>CK1>Pb_(1000)>Cd_(25)>Pb_(1500)>Cd_(50),即小叶榕在土壤Pb含量为500 mg·kg^(-1)时适应性最好。Pb、Cd复合污染中小叶榕吸收重金属能力综合评价排序为:Pb_(1500)Cd_(50)>Pb_(1500)Cd_(25)>Pb_(1000)Cd_(25)>Pb_(1000)Cd_(50)>CK2,但Pb_(1500)Cd_(50)、Pb_(1500)Cd_(25)处理小叶榕的生长和养分元素吸收均受到抑制,因此小叶榕适于修复Pb、Cd含量分别低于1000、25 mg·kg^(-1)的Pb、Cd复合污染土壤。This study determined the adaptability of Ficus microcarpa to Pb and Cd polluted soil using a pot experiment.The entropy weight TOPSIS model was used to comprehensively evaluate the remediation potential of Pb and Cd polluted soil.The results showed that the growth of F.microcarpa was promoted in soils with low Pb content,whereas it was inhibited in soils with high Pb content.Compared with the control(CK1),the underground and total biomass of F.microcarpa under the 500 mg·kg^(-1) Pb treatment was increased by 28.92%and 30.09%,respectively,and the uptake of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium was increased by 11.74%,97.59%,and 61.80%,respectively.The 1500 mg·kg^(-1) Pb treatment exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on the growth and development of the plants.The low Cd treatment(10 mg·kg^(-1))had no significant effect on biomass and the uptake of nitrogen and potassium of F.microcarpa,whereas plant growth was inhibited under the≥25 mg·kg^(-1) Cd treatment.Ficus microcarpa was sensitive to Cd,but exhibited good tolerance to Pb in Pb and Cd polluted soil.Compared with the Pb_(1000)Cd_(25) treatment,increasing Pb content(Pb_(1500)Cd_(25))or Cd content(Pb_(1000)Cd_(50))in the soil significantly increased the content of heavy metals in the roots of F.microcarpa.Compared with the Pb_(1500)Cd_(25) treatment,increasing the content of Cd in soil(Pb_(1500)Cd_(50))inhibited the absorption of Pb in F.microcarpa roots,but promoted the absorption of Pb in the aboveground parts of the plants.An analysis using the entropy weight TOPSIS model indicated that the comprehensive evaluation coefficients of growth and nutrient uptake of F.microcarpa under single Pb or Cd polluted soil were as follows:Pb_(50)0>Cd10>CK1>Pb_(1000)>Cd_(25)>Pb_(1500)>Cd_(50),indicating that F.microcarpa exhibited the best adaptability when the Pb content of soil was 500 mg·kg^(-1).The comprehensive evaluation coefficients of heavy metal absorption capacity of F.microcarpa under Pb and Cd polluted soil were as follows:Pb_(1500)Cd_(50)>Pb_(1500)Cd_(2

关 键 词：PB Cd 重金属污染 小叶榕 植物修复 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X53