“毒树之果”规则在我国的适用探析  

Analysis on the application of the rule of“Fruit of the poisonous tree”in China

作　　者：黄婷[1] Huang Ting(East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 200042,China)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学刑事法学院,上海200042

出　　处：《辽宁公安司法管理干部学院学报》2021年第4期75-84,共10页Journal of Liaoning Administrators College of Police and Justice

摘　　要：虽然我国已经确立了非法证据排除规则,但作为该规则重要组成部分的“毒树之果”理论尚未得到立法及司法适用规定的明确肯定。目前我国正处于法治国家、法治政府、法治社会“三个一体建设”过程中,“毒树之果”规则能够维护程序正义,敦促侦查人员遵守证据收集的法定程序,顺应依法办案、保障人权的需要,有现实的适用基础。为保障“毒树之果”规则在我国的正确适用,在立法方面,应当将“毒树”的范围限缩为侵犯被追诉人合法权益的非法取证行为所取得的非法证据;在具体适用方面,采用裁量排除,由预审法官结合违法取证行为的严重程度、衍生证据的重要性等因素综合考量,决定是否排除;在配套制度方面,设置预审法官制度,增设庭前证据审查程序,提高侦查人员的专业素质和办案能力;在排除标准方面,由最高人民法院发布指导性案例,统一规范排除“毒树之果”的裁量标准。Although China has established rules for exclusion of illegal evidence,the theory of“Fruit of the poisonous tree”as an important part of the rules has not been clearly affirmed by legislation and judicial application regulations.At present,China is in the process of“three-in-one construction”of a country under the rule of law,a government under the rule of law and a society under the rule of law.The rule of“Fruit of the poisonous tree”can maintain procedural justice and urge investigators to abide by the legal procedures for collecting evidence and comply with the need of lawful handling of cases and protecting human rights,so there is a practical basis for application.In order to ensure the correct application of“Fruit of the poisonous tree”in China,in terms of legislation,the scope of the“poisonous tree”should be limited to illegal evidence obtained from illegal evidence collection that violates the lawful rights and interests of the accused;in terms of specific application,adopting discretionary exclusion,the pre-trial judge will consider the seriousness of illegal evidence collection,the importance of derivative evidence and other factors to decide whether to exclude;in terms of supporting systems,set up the pre-trial judge system,add pre-trial evidence review procedures,and improve investigative personnel’s professional quality and case-handling ability;in terms of exclusion criteria,the Supreme People’s Court should issue guiding cases to unify the standards for exclusion of“fruits of poisonous trees.”

关 键 词：毒树之果 裁量排除 非法证据排除规则 重复性供述 预审法官 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]