试点地区宅基地改革政策总体特征及区域差异研究  

Overall Characteristics and Regional Differences of Rural Residential Land System Reform in Pilot Areas

作　　者：宋敏[1] 杨紫雯 易路平 SONG Min;YANG Zi-wen;YI Lu-ping(School of Business Administration,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan 430073,China)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学工商管理学院,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《国土资源科技管理》2021年第4期28-40,共13页Scientific and Technological Management of Land and Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41671173);农业农村部管理干部学院委托项目(32519108024)。

摘　　要：政策本体是制度运行的基础,系统地梳理和总结试点地区宅基地制度改革政策有利于及时总结经验,进而推进宅基地利用与管理政策的制度化、法制化。对我国首批14个宅基地制度改革试点地区(不含西藏拉萨)2015—2019年年间颁布的261份政策文本进行分析与比较,揭示了试点地区宅基地制度改革政策的总体特征并比较了其区域差异。结果表明:(1)总体上看,就宅基地制度改革的四个维度而言,各试点地区出台的改革政策对各维度的关注度存在差异,其中对宅基地权益取得与保障维度的关注度最高,其他依次为宅基地管理维度、宅基地自愿有偿退出维度和宅基地有偿使用维度;改革政策总体表现出政策完整性有待提升、政策力度较强、政策协同性有待加强三方面特征。(2)从区域差异看,东、中、西部政策在政策重点、政策内容和政策强度三个方面存在显著不同。建议系统总结宅基地制度改革经验并加强地区交流与经验借鉴,提升各类改革政策的协同性,重视政策的区域差异性,从而形成完善的宅基地利用与管理制度体系,助推乡村振兴战略实施。The policy body is the basis for operation of the system.Systematically sorting out and summarizing the rural residential land system reform policies is conducive to improving the policy,and then promoting institutionalization and legalization of the rural residential land utilization and management policies.By analyzing and comparing 261 policy texts issued by the first 14 pilot areas(excluding Lhasa,Tibet)of residential land system reform from 2015 to 2019,this paper reveals the overall characteristics and regional differences of rural residential land reform policies which are implemented in the pilot areas.The results show that:(1)In general,regarding the four dimensions of residential land system reform,there are differences in the attention of the reform policies issued by the pilot areas to each dimension,among which the attention to the acquisition and protection of homestead rights are the highest,followed by the other dimensions including homestead management,voluntary paid withdraw of homestead and the paid use of homestead.And the reform policy generally shows three characteristics including that the policy integrity needs to be improved,the policy is relatively strong,and the policy synergy needs to be strengthened.(2)Regarding the regional differences,the eastern,central and western policies are significantly different in three aspects including the policy focus,the policy content and the policy tool.It is recommended to systematically summarize rural residential land system reform experience,strengthen regional cooperation and experience reference,improve rural democratic management methods,and enhance coordination of various policies for rural residential land reform.So as to further deepen rural residential land system reform,form a complete system of rural residential land utilization and management,and promote implementation of rural revitalization strategy.

关 键 词：宅基地 试点地区 总体特征 区域差异 政策评价 

分 类 号：F321.1[经济管理—产业经济]