定向遗忘的编码加工机制  

Encoding mechanism in directed forgetting

作　　者：寇东晓 顾文涛 KOU Dongxiao;GU Wentao(School of Psychology,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210097,China;School of Chinese Language and Culture,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210097,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学心理学院 [2]南京师范大学文学院,南京210097

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2021年第9期1599-1606,共8页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(13&ZD189);江苏高校哲学社会科学优秀创新团队建设项目(2017STD006)资助。

摘　　要：有目的的遗忘(定向遗忘)需要耗费认知努力吗?有研究发现,定向遗忘可能是被动衰减的结果,即F项目(需要遗忘的项目)未获得有效复述是选择性复述了R项目(需要记住的项目)造成的,这一加工过程不需要认知努力;但也有研究表明,定向遗忘过程可能是遗忘线索诱发的对记忆加工的主动抑制,需要耗费认知努力,脑认知研究中发现的前额叶ERPs成分为这一机制提供了证据。还有一种观点认为,定向遗忘编码过程可能同时包含主动抑制与被动衰减,但是尚不清楚两种加工机制相互作用的方式。为进一步澄清定向遗忘编码阶段的认知机制,未来研究需要将非认知因素纳入考察,并关注不同人群的定向遗忘特征,在此基础上尝试解决理论争议。Does intentional/directed forgetting require cognitive effort?In some studies,directed forgetting is deemed to be a result of passive decay,i.e.,an effective rehearsal of F items(i.e.,the items to be forgotten)is suppressed by the selective rehearsal of R items(i.e.,the items to be remembered),and this process does not require cognitive effort.Other studies,however,have shown that directed forgetting involves forgettingcue induced active inhibition of memory processing(this apparently requires cognitive effort),which has been evidenced by the ERPs in the frontal lobe as shown in brain cognitive research.In addition,there is also a point that directed forgetting may involve both active inhibition and passive decay,but how the two processes interact and integrate is yet to be explored.To clarify the cognitive mechanism in the encoding stage of directed forgetting,future study needs to take non-cognitive factors into investigation,and to inspect different populations.

关 键 词：定向遗忘 编码机制 主动抑制 被动衰减 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]