试论克孜尔石窟第38窟的佛舍利崇拜主题  

On the Themes of the Śarīra Worship in Cave No. 38 at the Kizil Grotto Temple

作　　者：杨效俊[1] Yang Xiaojun

机构地区：[1]陕西历史博物馆,陕西西安710061

出　　处：《文博》2021年第4期98-106,共9页

基　　金：2015年度国家社会科学基金一般项目“隋唐时期佛舍利崇拜制度研究”(项目编号:15BZJ007)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在西域佛舍利崇拜寺院模式的基础上,与龟兹佛教兴盛的背景下,融合了西印度的支提窟形制、犍陀罗地区的说一切有部舍利崇拜,而创造出克孜尔石窟第38窟的佛舍利崇拜石窟寺形式。此窟的建筑与图像程序,表现了佛从前世因缘累积而今世成佛的历程,最后涅槃显明佛性,荼毗后留下圣物舍利,信仰者通过供养舍利塔礼敬佛陀,体现了小乘佛教的佛舍利崇拜内涵。这种佛舍利崇拜石窟寺模式在东传过程中,中心柱舍利塔意味逐渐淡薄,日趋汉化,大乘佛教的图像逐步融入。Based on the monastic model of Śarīra worship in the west territory and under the background of prospering Buddhism in Qiuci(Kucha)state,a new form of grotto temple Śarīra worship was created in cave no.38 of the Kizil Grotto Temple.This new form integrated the caitya cave style from West India and the Śarīra worship of Sarvastivada in the Gandhara region.The architectural and pictorial program of this cave display how the Buddha from karmic accumulation in the previous life to become a Buddha in the present life,how he achieved Nirvana and illustrated the Buddha-nature,and how after cremation he left the scared Śarīra.The worshippers pay tribute to the Buddha through making offering to the stupa,which demonstrates the Śarīra worship of the Hinayana.In the east spread of such Śarīra worship in grotto temple,stupa as a central column became less important,which shows a tendency of Sinicization whilst the images of Mahayana were gradually incorporated into it.

关 键 词：克孜尔石窟第 38窟 佛舍利崇拜 西域 石窟寺模式 

分 类 号：K879.25[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]