饲粮添加活性干酵母对肉牛营养物质表观消化率和瘤胃真菌菌群组成的影响  

Effects of Dietary Active Dried Yeast on Nutrient Apparent Digestibilities and Rumen Fungal Community Composition of Beef Cattle

作　　者：彭全辉[1] 岳双明 王之盛[1] 薛白[1] 王立志[1] 田刚[1] 康坤[1] 胡瑞[1] PENG Quanhui;YUE Shuangming;WANG Zhisheng;XUE Bai;WANG Lizhi;TIAN Gang;KANG Kun;HU Rui(Key Laboratory of University in Cattle Low Carbon Breeding and Safety Production in Sichuan Province,Animal Nutrition Institute,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;Sichuan Water Conservancy Vocational College,Chengdu 611230,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学动物营养研究所,四川省牛低碳养殖与安全生产高校重点实验室,成都611130 [2]四川水利职业技术学院,成都611230

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2021年第8期4456-4466,共11页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0502005);农业农村部重大技术协同推广计划(2019-2020)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究饲粮添加活性干酵母对肉牛营养物质表观消化率和瘤胃真菌群落组成的影响。选取体重(110±13) kg和日龄相近的18头肉牛(西杂牛■×犏牛♀),随机分为3个组,每组6头牛。各组分别饲喂基础饲粮(对照组)、基础饲粮+2 g/(d·头)活性干酵母(ADY2组)、基础饲粮+4 g/(d·头)活性干酵母(ADY4组)。预试期为10 d,正试期110 d。结果表明:ADY2组和ADY4组的中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)表观消化率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但ADY2组和ADY4组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。对照组鉴定出272个真菌操作分类单元(OTUs),ADY2组和ADY4组分别鉴定出543和527个OTUs。ADY2和ADY4组的Simpson、Shannon和PD指数均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),且ADY2组显著或极显著高于ADY4组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。主坐标分析(PCoA)结果表明,对照组与ADY2组和ADY4组能够明确区分开。从18个瘤胃样品中共鉴定出7个真菌门,分别是子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、新丽鞭毛菌门(Neocallimastigomycota)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)、毛霉门(Mucoromycota)、球囊菌门(Glomeromycota)、隐真菌门(Rozellomycota)和其他真菌门(FungiNA)。ADY2组和ADY4组子囊菌门、新丽鞭毛菌门、担子菌门的相对丰度显著高于对照组(P<0.05);ADY2组和ADY4组其他真菌门的相对丰度显著低于对照组(P<0.05),且ADY2组显著低于ADY4组(P<0.05)。ADY2组和ADY4组未分类真菌属(unclassifiedfungi)的相对丰度显著低于对照组(P<0.05);ADY2组新丽鞭菌属(Neocallimastix)、根囊鞭菌属(Orpinomyces)和念珠菌属(Candida)的相对丰度显著高于对照组和ADY4组(P<0.05),ADY4组与对照组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。综上所述,饲粮添加活性干酵母提高了瘤胃中子囊菌门、新丽鞭毛菌门和担子菌门的相对丰度,提高了新丽鞭菌属、根囊鞭菌属和念珠菌属的相对丰度,降低了未分类真菌属的相对丰度。在本试验条件下,饲粮添加2 g/(d·头)活性干酵母足以改变瘤�This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary active dried yeast on nutrient apparent digestibilities and rumen fungal community composition of beef cattle.A total of 18 beef cattle(Simmental crossbred■×Pian cattle♀)with body weight of(110±13)kg and similar age were randomly divided into three groups with 6 cattle in each group.Cattle in 3 groups were fed basal diet(control group),basal diet+2 g/(d·head)active dried yeast(ADY2 group)and basal diet+4 g/(d·head)active dried yeast(ADY4 group),respectively.The pre-experimental period lasted for 10 days,and the experimental period lasted for 110 days.The results showed that the nutrient apparent digestibilities of neutral detergent fiber(NDF)and acid detergent fiber(ADF)of ADY2 group and ADY4 group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05),however,there was no significant difference between ADY2 group and ADY4 group(P>0.05).A total of 272 fungal operational taxonomic units(OTUs)were detected in control group,while543 and 527 OTUs were detected in ADY2 group and ADY4 group,respectively.The Simpson,Shannon and PD indexes of ADY2 group and ADY4 group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.01),and ADY2 group was significantly higher than ADY4 group(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The principal coordinate analysis(PCoA)results showed that the control group could be clearly distinguished from the ADY2group and ADY4 group.Seven phyla were identified from 18 rumen samples,which were Ascomycota,Neocallimastigomycota,Basidiomycota,Mucoromycota,Glomeromycota,Rozellomycota and FungiNA.The relative abundances of Ascomycota,Neocallimastigomycota and Basidiomycota of ADY2 group and ADY4group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05);the FungiNA relative abundance of ADY2 group and ADY4 group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05),and ADY2group was significantly lower than ADY4 group(P<0.05).The unclassified fungi relative abundance of ADY2 group and ADY4 group was significa

关 键 词：活性干酵母 瘤胃真菌 纤维降解 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]