不同施肥措施对南方冬种马铃薯产量和肥料利用率的影响  

Effects of Different Fertilization Measures on Yield and Fertilizer Use Efficiency of Winter Potato in South China

作　　者：宋惠洁 李大明[1] 柳开楼[1] 胡丹丹 胡志华[1] 叶会财[1] 胡惠文[1] 余喜初[1] SONG Hui-jie;LI Da-ming;LIU Kai-lou;HU Dan-dan;HU Zhi-hua;YE Hui-cai;HU Hui-wen;YU Xi-chu(Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Arable Land Conservation of Red Soil,National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvemen,Nanchang,331717,PRC)

机构地区：[1]江西省红壤研究所江西省红壤耕地保育重点实验室国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心,江西南昌331717

出　　处：《湖南农业科学》2021年第8期48-51,55,共5页Hunan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0200101,2016YFD0300901);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503122);国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心开放基金(2020NETRCRSI-9);江西省自然科学基金(20192BAB203022);江西省红壤研究所博士科研基金(HRBS04)。

摘　　要：2018-2019年在进贤县开展田间试验,研究了不同施肥处理对马铃薯产量、经济效益、养分吸收利用的影响。结果表明:与当地农民习惯施肥(FP)相比,基于养分专家系统的施肥(NE)具有显著增产增收效果,年均增产为8.25%,年均增收为20.66%;氮、磷、钾养分积累量分别提高11.51%、2.25%、8.47%,其中氮、钾素积累量的差异达到显著水平;氮、磷、钾偏生产力分别为179.65、414.57和232.30 kg/kg,其中磷肥偏生产力提高63.21%,达显著水平;磷、钾肥农学效率分别提高44.78和11.09kg/kg,磷、钾肥回收利用率分别提高9.35和4.15个百分点,且均达到了显著水平。因此,基于养分专家系统的施肥(NE)优化了南方冬种马铃薯的肥料用量,既可增加马铃薯产量和效益,又可促进马铃薯对养分的吸收和利用,提高肥料利用率,在南方冬作区有良好的应用效果,可以推广应用。Field experiments were carried out in Jinxian County for the effects of fertilizing treatments on potato nutrient absorption and utilization,yield,and economic benefit in 2018-2019.Results showed that compared with FP treatment(conventional fertilization by local farmers),the nutrient expert recommendation fertilization(NE)is rather effective in increasing the yield and output;in detail,the average annual yield of potato increased by 8.25%,the average annual income by 10.60%,and the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium by 11.51%,2.25%and 8.47%,respectively,among which the difference of nitrogen and potassium accumulations each reached a significant level;the partial factor productivity of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium of NE treatment was 179.65,414.57 and 232.30 kg/kg,respectively;the partial factor productivity of phosphorus fertilizer increased by 63.21%,reaching a significant level;the agronomic efficiency of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers increased by 44.78 kg/kg and 11.09 kg/kg,respectively;the average recovery utilization rate of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers increased by 9.35 and 4.15 percentage points,respectively,all reaching a significant level.Therefore,the potato nutrient expert recommendation fertilization(NE)has optimized fertilizer consumption,increased tuber yield and economic benefit,promoted the absorption and utilization of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrients,improved the fertilizer utilization rate of winter potato,and can be popularized in South China.

关 键 词：马铃薯 养分专家推荐施肥技术 产量 养分吸收利用 经济效益 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]