地下资源开采诱发的一种滑坡模式研究——以采空触发滑坡为例  

Study on landslide model induced by underground resources exploitation:taking mining-triggered landslide as an example

作　　者：龙建辉[1] 朱清华 倪向龙 LONG Jianhui;ZHU Qinghua;NI Xianglong(Prevention Institute for Earthquake and Geology Hazards of Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China;Shenzhen Investigation&Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Shenzhen 518000,China)

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学地震与地质灾害防治研究所,山西太原030024 [2]深圳市勘察研究院有限公司,广东深圳518000

出　　处：《煤炭科学技术》2021年第8期181-187,共7页Coal Science and Technology

基　　金：山西省自然科学基金资助项目(201701D121015,201801D121033)。

摘　　要：矿山开采必然会带来一系列地质灾害问题,采动滑坡作为其主要灾害之一,严重影响着人类生产活动。然而,凭借笔者多年的工程实践经验,对山西煤矿区发生的滑坡灾害进行调查研究后发现,有一类滑坡从发育位置、变形特征、形成机理等方面均有异于传统意义上的“采动滑坡”,但又受采动间接影响,兹称其为“采空触发滑坡”。通过对山西煤矿区此类型滑坡的典型案例进行研究分析,总结该类型滑坡特征,区分其与传统采动滑坡的异同点,主要有以下4个方面:采空触发滑坡通常发育在采空沉陷影响区以外的一定范围内;其变形一般在采空沉陷结束后才开始显现,且变形通常持续时间较长;开采沉陷并非滑坡形成最直接的影响因素,而是由坡体内部软岩蠕变破坏所致;采空触发滑坡的发生是一个能量逐渐累积的过程,即具有聚能效应。结合笔者前期研究成果,最后对采空触发滑坡的形成过程和成因机理进行了初步分析发现,该类型滑坡形成机理分为4个破坏阶段,分别为应力调整阶段、蠕动变形阶段、变形加速阶段与斜坡失稳阶段,与其对应的破坏模式为采空沉陷结束—坡体内部岩体应力松弛—软岩蠕变—蠕变作用向坡顶发展—坡体挤压变形、破坏。Mining will inevitably cause a series of geological hazards.As one of the major disasters,mining-induced landslides seriously affect human production activities.However,after investigating and studying the landslide disasters in coal mine area of Shanxi province,it can be found that there is a kind of landslide which is different from the traditional mining-induced landslide in development location,deformation characteristics and formation mechanism,although it is also indirectly affected by mining.It is called mining-triggered landslide.In order to study the characteristics of this type of landslide,the Potou landslide in Shanxi Province was chosen for a detailed case study.the similarities and differences between this type of landslide and traditional mining-induced landslide are distinguished,which were listed from four aspects:The mining-triggered landslide usually develops in a certain range outside the affected area of goaf subsidence;the deformation usually appears after the mining subsidence and usually lasts for a long time;the direct influencing factor of the formation of mining-triggered landslide is not the mining subsidence,but creep failure of the soft rock inside the slope;mining-triggered landslide is a process of gradual accumulation of energy,and it has the effect of energy accumulation.Combined with the author’s previous research results,the formation process and genetic mechanism of this type of landslide are preliminarily analyzed.It is found that the formation mechanism of this type of landslides can be divided into four failure stages,which are stress adjustment stage,creep deformation stage,deformation acceleration stage and slope instability stage.The corresponding failure mode is end of goaf subsidence,stress relaxation of rock mass in slope,creep of soft rock,development of creep to the top of slope and compression deformation and failure of slope.

关 键 词：采动滑坡 地下开采 软岩蠕变 采空区 地质灾害 

分 类 号：P642[天文地球—工程地质学]